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Nongfu Spring, who was scolded by the whole network, made 12 billion last year

Original, Gao Yuzhe, Leopard Transformation

"Core Tips"

Nongfu Spring, which has encountered a huge public opinion storm, has achieved a "two-legged" balance of water and beverages in 2023. However, under the multiple pressures of negative public opinion, upgraded health needs, and intense competition, can the "Porter of Nature" hold the top spot?

Author | Gao Yuzhe

Editing | Xing, Yun

Under the storm, Nongfu Spring still handed over a dazzling financial report.

On the evening of March 26, Nongfu Spring announced on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that the total revenue in 2023 was 42.667 billion yuan, an increase of 28.4% year-on-year; the net profit attributable to the parent was 12.079 billion yuan, an increase of 42.2% year-on-year. During the reporting period, Nongfu Spring’s gross profit margin increased by 2.1 percentage points from 57.4% in the same period of the previous year to 59.5%.

As of the close of March 27, Nongfu Spring closed at HK $41.25/share, down 1.08%, and the total market value 463.90 billion. In the recently released "2024 Hurun Global Rich List", Nongfu Spring founder and chairperson Zhong Shanyi became China’s richest man for four consecutive years with a wealth of 450 billion yuan.

The annual growth performance is really gratifying, but recently Nongfu Spring has also encountered the biggest public opinion storm since its listing. Since the death of Wahaha founder Zong Qinghou, Nongfu Spring’s market value has evaporated by more than 30 billion Hong Kong dollars, and product sales have also been affected to a certain extent.

It is worth noting that the most eye-catching packaged drinking water in Nongfu Spring in fiscal 2022 contributed 54.9% of total revenue; this proportion dropped to 47.5% in 2023. At the same time, the beverage business grew rapidly, accounting for 51.7% of total revenue, surpassing packaged drinking water for the first time.

Under the upheaval of public opinion and the escalation of health needs, can the "porter of nature" hold the top spot? Drinking water bosses want to be the "beverage brother"?

How much money can "porters" make?

At the beginning of 2024, the bottled water industry staged a leading "melee".

The death of private entrepreneur Zong Qinghou and his past have caused the public’s favorable impression of the Wahaha brand to rise sharply. In addition to the hot search on Wahaha frequency and the soaring sales volume, Nongfu Spring has also been mired in the storm of public opinion. The past between Zong Qinghou and Zhong Shansui has been extended as a story of "Farmer and Snake".

With the fermentation of the incident, the sales of Nongfu Spring were affected. Some media reported that the single-day sales of Nongfu Spring e-commerce platform even dropped from over one million yuan to 50,000 yuan. At present, this storm has not completely subsided. Whether the operating performance of Nongfu Spring will have an impact will be reflected in the first quarter financial report.

The financial report for 2023 once again demonstrates the stable foundation of Nongfu Spring. As a company with a gross profit margin of up to 60%, its revenue and net profit still maintain a good growth rate.

Looking back at the financial reports from 2020 to 2022, the revenue of Nongfu Spring was 22.877 billion yuan, 29.696 billion yuan and 33.239 billion yuan respectively, and the revenue increased by 10.362 billion in three years; to 2023, it increased by nearly 10 billion in only one year.

In terms of net profit, from 2020 to 2022, the net profit attributable to the mother in the same period was 5.277 billion yuan, 7.162 billion yuan and 8.495 billion yuan respectively; in 2023, the net profit of Nongfu Spring was 12.079 billion yuan, an increase of 42.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate increased by 23.6 percentage points compared with the previous year.

Not only did the growth rate of net profit accelerate, but by contrast, the growth rate of net profit exceeded that of revenue.

In China’s packaged drinking water market, Nongfu Spring has always occupied the highest market share. China Resources Yibao, ranked second, did not disclose revenue data for the year in its 2022 sustainability report, only showing a total profit of 1.375 billion yuan.

The earnings report of Nongfu Spring shows that the increase in net profit in 2023 is mainly due to the decrease in the procurement cost of cartons, labels and some raw materials compared with the same period of the previous year. Among the four business segments of Nongfu Spring, the well-known packaged drinking water is the basic plate of its business performance. To a large extent, Nongfu Spring’s strong profitability comes from the high gross profit margin of drinking water.

Why is the gross profit so high? It is because the cost is extremely low. With a gross profit margin of 60%, the unit price of mineral water of 2 yuan is only about 8 cents, and the gross profit is 1.2 yuan. Some media have calculated that, taking each bottle of 400ml packaging water as an example, the polymer PET (polyethylene terephthalate) used to make the bottle costs about 6 cents for materials, about 3 cents for packaging materials (heat shrinkable film, etc.), and about 8 cents for water extraction, labor, and processing. This means that the cost mainly comes from packaging.

The financial report shows that the revenue of Nongfu Spring Packaged Water in 2023 was 20.26 billion yuan, an increase of 10.9% year-on-year. Although the growth rate rebounded from the previous year, it was the lowest among the four major businesses. Obviously, the slowdown in the growth rate of the basic market also brought reminders to the running giants.

Looking for the next eastern leaf

From the perspective of the growth of various businesses, the proportion of beverages in the total revenue of Farmer Mountain has reached more than half, and the first super-packaged drinking water, especially tea beverages, has seen strong growth, further raising the company’s competitive barriers.

Nongfu Spring is divided into four business segments: packaged drinking water represented by bottled water; that is, the tea-drinking segment includes brands such as tea π and Oriental leaves, which have become the second growth curve; functional drinks and juice drinks in a diverse layout, with a large number of products, are regarded as the third growth curve.

Tea products recorded annual revenue of 12.659 billion yuan in 2023, an increase of 83.3% over 2022, accounting for 29.7% of total revenue in 2023. It is worth noting that the revenue scale of this sector in 2022 is nearly 7 billion, with revenue accounting for only 20.8% of the total, indicating that the second growth curve is rising rapidly.

The two largest single products in tea beverage products are Oriental Leaf and Tea Pi, and the sugar-free tea track where Oriental Leaf is located has become a star track in the consumption trend in recent years, and Oriental Leaf is even more powerful.

According to Nielsen data, as of August 2023, Oriental leaves have increased by 114% year-on-year in the past 12 months, outpacing the overall growth rate of the ready-to-drink tea industry by 9 times. Oriental leaves, together with tea π, contributed more than 60% of the increase in the entire ready-to-drink tea market. Oriental leaves have maintained a growth rate of more than 50% for three consecutive years.

Although Nongfu Spring launched the Oriental Leaf product as early as 13 years ago, from a historical perspective, Suntory entered the Chinese market in 1997. Three years later, Coca-Cola and Nestle have successively launched sugar-free and calorie-free products.

At that time, people were enthusiastic about "small sweet water" with high sugar content, including Master Kong’s star single iced black tea, and the Arctic Ocean visible on the streets of Beijing. Not only was the faint oriental leaf mocked, it was also named one of the five worst drinks in China, and even called "dishwashing water".

Oriental leaves can enter the consumer’s line of sight, on the one hand is the increase of people’s health awareness, on the other hand is the rise of the cutting-edge brand Yuan Qi Sen Lin, under the trend of the new consumer era, 0 sugar 0 fat overnight became the standard for young people.

Sugar-free tea is becoming a new trend. Euromonitor data shows that the growth rate of sugar-free tea in China far exceeds that of other tea tracks. From 2017 to 2022, sugary tea has entered a low growth rate, while sugar-free tea will maintain a growth rate of 7.9% in 2022, much higher than that of sugary tea. It is expected that the CAGR of sugar-free tea market will reach 10.2% in 2022-2027.

The rise of the track has inspired new and old players to enter the game. Among them, there are traditional brands represented by Nongfu Spring, Wahaha, Dongpeng Beverage, etc.; there are also new brands represented by Yuan Qi Sen Lin, Chali, tea’stone, etc.

Although Dongfang Leaf has obvious advantages, the entry of various brands has also put huge pressure on the market competition. Yuan Qi Sen Lin’s sugar-free tea product Burning Tea has specifications covering 500ml, 550ml, 600ml and 900ml; Dongpeng Beverage’s Oolong tea launched in 2023 is only 69.9 yuan after 24 bottles are discounted.

Faced with the growth rate of the subdivision track, once it enters the stage of large-scale competition and price war, it will be a big challenge for each company. Moreover, the emerging track market barriers are not large, and young consumers are willing to try early adopters, etc., all of which determine that in addition to the dark horse of Oriental Leaves, it is more secure to create the next star single product.

Chasing 50 billion camp, competing to be the drink brother

In comparison to the packaged drinking water and tea beverage segments, fruit juice beverages and functional beverages performed slightly conservatively in the 2023 full-year financial report.

Nongfu Spring financial report shows that in 2023 functional beverage products recorded annual revenue of 4.90 billion yuan, an increase of 27.7%, accounting for 11.5% of total revenue in 2023; fruit juice beverage product revenue 3.53 billion yuan, an increase of 22.7%, accounting for 8.3% of total revenue in 2023, a decrease.

As the third growth sector in the early layout of Nongfu Spring, there are many competitors in the functional and juice beverage track.

It has a wide range of products, including Screaming, Water Soluble C100, NFC 17.5 °, Power Emperor, etc. In 2023, Nongfu Spring will also continue to introduce new flavors in this field.

However, from the perspective of the industry as a whole, Nongfu Spring’s market share is relatively low. In functional drinks, a larger market share is occupied by Red Bull, Dongpeng Special Drink, and Pulse. In 2021, Red Bull’s market share will exceed 50%, ranking first in the industry; followed by Dongpeng Special Drink and Pulse, accounting for 12% and 7% respectively; the cutting-edge brand Yuan Qi Sen Lin entered the market in 2021 and launched Alien Electrolyte Water in April. A year later, Alien Electrolyte Water became Yuan Qi Sen Lin’s knock-out product to create the second curve.

In the field of juice beverages, Coca-Cola, Huiyuan Juice, and Weiquan Food are the industry leaders, with a market share of the top three, all exceeding 10%. To lead the industry, Nongfu Spring has to face multiple rivals.

As the proportion of beverages continues to increase, Nongfu Spring has realized that water and beverages "walk on two legs".

In most consumers’ minds, "Farmer Mountain is a little sweet" "We don’t produce water, we are just nature’s porters" has long been a popular advertising slogan. In fact, the total revenue of unlisted Wahaha has always been higher than that of Farmer Spring.

In China’s beverage industry, Wahaha is the real leader. From 2021 to 2023, the total revenue of Nongfu Spring is 29.696 billion, 33.239 billion and 42.667 billion; and in 2021, Wahaha’s revenue has exceeded 50 billion. According to the data of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and the summary and commendation conference of Wahaha Group in 2023, Wahaha has maintained a total revenue of more than 50 billion yuan for three consecutive years.

To achieve 50 billion record, there is also the low-key Master Kong. In public cognition, the first thing that comes to mind when mentioning Master Kong is "instant noodles", which is also a leading player in the beverage industry. 2023 annual financial report shows that Master Kong’s beverage growth is slow, but the overall revenue of drinks in 2023 still reached 50.939 billion yuan. Because the gross profit margin of drinks is higher than that of instant noodles, Master Kong has already shifted its business focus to drinks, accounting for more than 60% of the business.

It can be seen that Zhong Shanshan, who has the "richest man" aura, and Nongfu Spring under his leadership, still have many competitors to defeat if they want to become the hegemon of the beverage industry.

Nongfu Spring has indeed laid a solid foundation in the field of bottled water, and the product line in the beverage matrix is also relatively rich, but in the competition for the hegemony of new and old brands, it has the voice over the hands of consumers. Coupled with the fungibility of the drink itself and the diversification of the purchase scene, the era of once relying on a slogan to go the world is gone. To face new brands and strive to be "the first brother of drinks", Nongfu Spring still has to solve problems.

Which drinks do you buy most often?

Original title: "Nongfu Spring, scolded by the whole network, earned 12 billion last year"

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Huawei P60 Pro drops by 800 yuan!

The series has attracted the attention of many players. With the launch of the 618 promotion, Huawei has also brought awesome promotions to the P60. This promotion discount starts at 800 yuan, and it is also the first time that the official has reduced the price of the P60 series.

P60Pro 8GB + 256GBThe price is reduced by 800 yuan to 6188 yuan, and the price of 12GB + 512GB is reduced by 700 yuan to 7288 yuan. At the same time, the 12GB + 256GB version is added, priced at 6488 yuan; the price of P60 Art 12GB + 512GB/1TB is reduced by 1,000 yuan, priced at 7899 yuan and 9988 yuan respectively.

The first ultra-concentrated night vision telephoto, the first time in the telephoto camera to join the condenser group, with the industry’s largest F2.1 aperture periscope telephoto and RYYB super-sensitive light sensor, greatly increased the amount of light into the telephoto camera.

With the blessing of HUAWEI ADS 2.0, why should M5 worry about the ＂ghost probe＂？

　　　I was driving along the road and suddenly a dog jumped out. What should I do? There are also motorcycles or pedestrians that suddenly flash in the blind area during the rush hour, which is hard to prevent. If one person doesn’t react, a collision accident may occur. In the era of smart electric vehicles, with Huawei’s powerful technical strength, HUAWEI ADS 2.0 blessed the M5 Smart Driving Edition, which faced this "ghost probe" and brought consumers a perfect answer.

　　HUAWEI ADS 2.0 gets on the bus, and its active safety strength is outstanding.

　　When driving outside, safety is the first priority. However, accidents can’t be avoided. For example, in the process of driving, there is a car that wants to jam; You can’t see pedestrians or pets in the intersection blind area when you enter and leave the community; Or collision events due to untimely braking, etc. Although the old driver’s driving skills are good, he can’t do everything. In view of this situation, a good solution is given by the M5 intelligent driving version equipped with HUAWEI ADS 2.0 advanced intelligent driving system. It is equipped with 1 overhead lidar, 3 millimeter-wave radars, 11 high-definition cameras with lateral and backward visual perception and 12 ultrasonic radars. The hardware and algorithms are leading in the industry. No matter when crossing the road or traveling at night, if there are pedestrians or animals running out in front, the M5 intelligent driving version can detect it in advance and stop in time to avoid collision accidents.

　　Some people may think that with the rapid development of science and technology, whose smart electric car has few intelligent hardware configurations? There is no denying that the intelligent driving system is basically available in every family, but its security is still slightly different. Take the M5 intelligent driving version in the world as an example, its active security has been tested by professional media. In the AEB active safety cross-evaluation held by Autolab, Tesla Model Y, Ideal L9 and other models are not as quick in safety response as the M5 Intelligent Driving Edition when facing the scene tests such as non-motor vehicle crossing, adult ghost probe, backlight crossing at night and side-lying dummy.

　　The performance of the M5 Intelligent Driving Edition is so good, which is closely related to its configuration strength. The four MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antennas equipped in the M5 version of Zhijie have higher signal strength and very wide coverage, which can avoid security risks in a wider range. At the same time, the M5 version of Zhijie also has the capabilities of BEV (Fusion Perception Aerial View Network) and GOD (Universal Obstacle Detection), which gives vehicles stronger object recognition capabilities. When you encounter an inconspicuous stone or a big pit when you are driving, the M5 Smart Driving Edition can be keenly identified and avoided in advance.

　　Reinforcing steel bars with iron bones, passive safety and overweight make travel more secure.

　　In addition to strong active safety, the M5 is also excellent in passive safety. Not only is it developed according to the high safety standards of the industry, but the high-strength steel of the car body accounts for over 60%, of which the hot-formed steel accounts for 19%, and the torsional stiffness is 1.5 times that of Tesla Model Y. With the cage-type car body, getting on the bus is equivalent to entering a highly safe "fortress". Every time you go out, every occupant can feel at ease.

　　In addition, in terms of battery safety, this car starts from the source, the batteries are all supplied by top suppliers, and there are five layers of batteries wrapped, triple thermal safety design and five-layer structural safety design, which is extremely safe. Coupled with Huawei’s "end+cloud +AI" collaboration, it can realize the "physical examination" of battery life cycle health, provide 7×24h battery health real-time detection service, and protect every battery in all directions, so that you don’t have to worry about safety at all times.

　　It is worth mentioning that the environmentally-friendly cockpit space is also used in the M5 car, which is extremely safe in materials, with very low risk of sensitization in the car, and the overall radiation value is far below the conventional standard. Children, the elderly, pregnant women and other sensitive people can all get on the bus with peace of mind.

　　Generally speaking, based on the advanced intelligent driving system of HUAWEI ADS 2.0, the active safety of the M5 intelligent driving version is more outstanding, and at the same time, based on the high-strength steel body and the top battery, it brings reassuring passive safety. It can be said that the M5 is comprehensive in safety, giving people enough travel confidence. If you have friends who are interested in intelligent driving, I really suggest you take a look at the M5.

The 2023 Shanghai Auto Show will be held from April 18th to 27th.

This newspaper (reporter Yue Qian) recently learned from the official that the 20th Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition (2023 Shanghai Auto Show) will be held in the National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai) from April 18 to 27, with the theme of "Embracing the new era of the automobile industry". Among them, April 18th and 19th are media days, April 20th and 21st are professional audience days, and April 22nd to 27th are professional and public audience days.

It is reported that the range of exhibits at the auto show will include: all kinds of passenger cars, commercial vehicles, new energy vehicles, special vehicles, etc. New automotive energy technologies and products such as batteries, motors and electronic controls; Intelligent networking and other technologies and products; Design and new concept products; Automobile parts, assemblies, modules and systems; Automobile manufacturing equipment, process equipment; Testing, testing and experimental instruments and equipment; Computer development and design system and application technology; Environmental protection technology and products of automobile industry; All kinds of automobile supplies and decorative parts; Automobile maintenance equipment; Promotion and application demonstration, etc.

China quality newspaper

Women complain that Xiaomi SU7 has not delivered the painted Xiaomi car： relevant policies will be issued to solve it.

Recently, after the launch of Xiaomi SU7, it was sought after by many people. However, Ms. Mo from Shenzhen, Guangdong Province was upset because she bought the original version of Xiaomi SU7. Her car has not been received yet, but she was told that the car bumped during transportation and the paint fell off the front cover.

According to @ Leng Wen Video, on April 4th, in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, Ms. Mo issued a document saying that she bought the original version of Xiaomi SU7 car, and when the car arrived, she was told that there was a bump in the transportation process, and a piece of paint was covered in front of the car, so she could only make up the paint and pay 5000 points (the purchasing power in Xiaomi Mall is equal to 500 yuan) and then deliver it normally.

After Ms. Mo said that she refused, the other party proposed a solution of compensation of up to 20,000 points, which did not support the replacement of a new car, and the deposit for returning the car could not be refunded. Ms. Mo refused again, and Ms. Mo insisted on replacing the new car.

For this matter, Xiaomi Automobile customer service said that it is impossible to replace a new car, and it will take a long time to reorder. You can negotiate with the delivery center and follow up with relevant policies to solve such problems.

The staff of Shenzhen Xiaomi Delivery Center said that there will be a person in charge of the delivery center to deal with the privacy of the owner.

In this regard, some netizens said that the collision of new cars is obviously a non-consumer responsibility, and Xiaomi Automobile only compensates for points. This after-sales service is too perfunctory!

Some netizens also said that Xiaomi’s mobile phone did a good job, but I didn’t expect such a mistake in the automotive field.

Source: @ 中中中中中, Red Star News

Internet Protocol TV

China IPTV is a new intelligent media platform in the living room, which is operated by Ai Shang TV Media (Beijing) Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of CCTV. Founded in 2013, Love TV Media (Beijing) Co., Ltd. is the only IPTV integrated broadcast control platform in China.

China IPTV provides live broadcast, on-demand, time-shifting, watching back and other audio-visual programs and rich application services. Through IPTV, you can not only receive more than 100 live channels including CCTV, satellite TV and digital channels; It can also realize the time-shift viewing of live channels, pause, rewind and fast forward, and the wonderful moments will not be missed again; We also provide you with the function of watching TV programs for up to 7 days, so that your TV program list can change with your time.

On-demand, China IPTV has CCTV core new media copyright resources such as CCTV channel, Olympic Games, World Cup and Spring Festival Evening, over 500,000 hours of on-demand content, rich 4K, children’s education and other value-added application resources, covering various programs such as movies, TV series, children, variety shows, sports, documentaries and news. There are not only authoritative reports on national affairs, but also various popular TV dramas. IPTV can meet the viewing needs of every member of the family.

IPTV in China is the carrier of smart home, which realizes the transformation from watching TV to using TV, captures personalized viewing demand and realizes accurate push. Through the remote control, you can enjoy TV smart media services such as living payment, online registration, somatosensory games, TV shopping and telemedicine without leaving home.More > > >

What preparations should I make for a long hike？

Introduction:Hiking is an outdoor activity chosen by many people in spring, which can not only see the beautiful spring scenery, but also exercise and enhance physical fitness. However, long-distance hiking should be well prepared to easily cope with the problems in the middle. So what should I do to prepare for a long hike? Let’s take a look at how to prepare for long-distance hiking.

1. You must start practicing early, at least once a week, and walk for at least 4 to 6 hours (about 15 to 25 kilometers) each time. The practice time and distance should be increased according to the progress, and each practice should include going up the mountain and walking on the rugged mountain path. Players should be free to walk for 10 to 11 hours continuously.

2. Be familiar with the route during the practice, and pay more attention to the sections that pass at night. After sufficient training, choose another weekend for evening practice. In the dark, the sense of distance and direction is different from that in the daytime. Participants should learn how to use flashlights to walk rough mountain paths in the dark.

3. Teams that fail to practice early are advised to have a two-day training session two weeks before they formally participate in the activity, and walk for 8 to 10 hours every day, so as to adapt to long-term walking under the condition of fatigue.

4. Participants who are interested in completing the whole course in the best condition can run slowly for a short distance every day to enhance their physical fitness and endurance.

5. The amount of rest during the activity varies from person to person, but don’t rest for too long, which will harden the sore muscles. You might as well have more rest, but it should not be too long at a time.

6. Before starting and after each rest, do enough warm-up exercises to enhance muscle flexibility.

7. Trim the toenails one week before the activity to reduce the chance of toe injury when going downhill.

8. The weather may change during the activity, so you must bring appropriate clothes. Once the clothes are soaked, they can be replaced immediately.

9. Wear comfortable running shoes or hiking shoes. New shoes are easy to cause foot discomfort and stimulate the formation of blisters. Therefore, when formally participating in activities, it is best to wear shoes worn during practice.

10. Experienced participants suggest applying lubricating cream to feet, wearing two pairs of socks or wrapping toes with medical tape to reduce the chance of blisters.

11. Change socks frequently during activities to help prevent blisters from forming. If blisters have formed, try not to pierce the blisters or cut off the epidermis.

12. Carefully count the items needed for each journey, just bring the necessities. Remember to bring enough water and warm clothes.

13. It’s windy in the mountains at night, and it’s easy to catch cold. You should bring a light windbreaker. In order to avoid getting wet by rain, a raincoat is also a must.

14, in order to avoid heatstroke, remember to bring a sun hat or umbrella, and sunglasses and other sunscreen products.

15. A reliable hiking stick is of great help to walking the mountain trail for a long time.

16. Clear water is the best drink to replenish water, but when your legs are sore and your will is low, it will be very helpful to enjoy sugary drinks, healthy drinks, high-energy snacks or cakes. As for foods high in fat and protein, they should not be eaten.

17. Knee pads and elbow pads help prevent injuries to muscles, ligaments and joints.

18. Experienced hikers suggest that participants bring the following necessities (optional): ID card/passport, cash (appropriate amount), enough clean water, high-calorie food (glucose cake, chocolate), sweat towel, hiking stick, replacement clothes and warm clothes, replacement socks, insoles, blister tape, windbreaker/rain gear, fully charged mobile phone, backup phone battery and paper towels.

19, understand the distance of each section, road conditions. Whether it is cement road, bluestone road or hard dirt road, which places should pay attention to traffic safety and where there are supplies, only by fully understanding these can we have a more reasonable arrangement for the whole trip.

20. It is best to use two pairs of walking shoes or sports shoes with different textures and different insoles in turn. The larger size will be more comfortable to wear at the end. Hiking shoes are heavy and the soles are hard, so hiking shoes are not suitable for long-distance hiking on roads.

21. Long-distance flat crossing will inevitably cause extreme fatigue of the soles of the feet. If you are equipped with two pairs of shoes with different textures and insoles (such as light running shoes, hiking shoes and sports shoes), you can change your shoes every hour and often change your walking mode (combination of walking and trotting), rotate the stress points of the sole of your foot, and mobilize more muscle groups in your legs to participate in sports, which will certainly alleviate fatigue and pain and you can walk a longer distance.

22. If you don’t camp on a long trip, just bring a dirty fleece or cotton sleeping bag liner. For ordinary camping, a general waterproof and wind-resistant tent will do. For long-distance travel, it is recommended to bring a small and light tent.

What preparations should you make for a long hike? The above is the content summarized by Health-keeping Network for your reference.

Source: the way of keeping in good health

Mother-in-law’s tattooing ＂serving the country faithfully＂ is a pseudo-history, and it was only in the Qing Dynasty that it entered the novel.

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　　Mother-in-law’s tattooing is a long-standing and educational story among the people. According to a gentleman on the phone, it is acceptable for Yue Fei’s descendants to remarry his ex-wife Liu, and they can’t accept it without her mother-in-law’s tattoo. In fact, purely emotionally, why am I willing to deny this story that still inspires China people’s patriotism? But unfortunately, there is no account of this matter in the Chronicle of the King of Hubei written by Yue Fei and Sun Yue Ke. The following is the only note in Volume 9 of the Nazi Compilation of the Kingdom of Hubei:

　　The first minister was filial by nature, and he was troubled by the northern territory. His mother ordered him to join the army to serve the country, and he could not bear it. After repeated interest, I had to stay with my wife and foster mother and cross the river from Emperor Gaozong alone. Hebei is trapped, lost and stolen, and the voice is completely separated. I have been asking for a visit day and night, but I haven’t got it for several years. Russia has a visitor from my mother, saying, "And my mother sent a message: Speak for me, encourage the holy son of heaven, and don’t think of my sister." I secretly sent people to meet him, but I was blocked by the hustle and bustle. Eight out of ten people went back and forth, and then returned. My first minister was grateful and wept, and thanked me for being unfilial.

　　It can be seen that although my mother-in-law is an ordinary peasant woman, she is deeply aware of the righteousness, and it is enough to be revered only in terms of this record. The original record of Yue Fei backstab’s four words "Dedicated to Serving the Country" can be found in The History of Song Dynasty, Volume 380, Biography of He Zhu, but during the interrogation of Yue Fei:

　　Flying naked and showing the back, the back has the four words of "serving the country faithfully" of the old Nie, which goes deep into the skin.

　　This shows that the tattoo on Yue Fei’s back is years old. Of course, the two most original records quoted above cannot provide proof of mother-in-law’s tattooing. Reasonably, my mother-in-law, as an ordinary peasant woman, was generally afraid of not being able to read, and tattooing at that time was a special skill. In the eighth chapter of The Water Margin, it is said that Lin Chong was "stabbed far away from the military state" and "called a writer and stabbed his cheek". The twelfth time that Yang Zhi was sentenced, he also "called a literary craftsman and stabbed two lines of gold seals, overlapping with the left-behind department of Beijing Daming Mansion to serve as an army", indicating that not everyone in the Song Dynasty had the skill of tattooing people casually.

　　Even in terms of ancient romance novels or operas, Yue Fei’s Breaking the East Window, which was compiled in Volume 11 of Quanyuan Opera, was analyzed by the editor, and there were traces of modification by the Ming Dynasty. His 18th poem describes that Yue Fei was interrogated on Wednesday and replied: "If Yue Fei had this matter, would he be willing to stab people in the skin with the words’ serving the country faithfully’ since childhood?" It is difficult to judge whether this passage is the original words and phrases of Yuan opera or the reviser of Ming opera, but it also shows that Yuan opera may still follow historical records. Since then, it may have been written by Yao Maoliang when Chenghua was in the Ming Dynasty. (The sixteenth legendary story of "Loyalty" describes the same plot. Yue Fei replied: "Your honor is on the top, and Yue Fei has been engraved on his body with the words’ serving the country faithfully’ since he was a child. Please examine it carefully."

　　There is still no story of mother-in-law tattooing in the Romance of the Great Song Dynasty published by Ming Jiajing. Volume 1 of the novel only says that Yue Fei was in Jingkang, and when he saw Hu Ma, Song Bing cowered, and all the heroes in the countryside came, he went into the mountains to be the enemy. Fei said,’ A gentleman is not famous in the history books, but a thief who steals from the dog and lives in the world, is it ok?’ It is the four words of’ loyalty to the country’ that are tattooed on the back to show the meaning of not being evil. " Volume 7 of the novel says, "Yue Fei takes a confession, then splits his clothes and turns his back. Compared with Wednesday, there are four big black words, which are deeply rooted in people’s skin."

　　At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Feng Menglong wrote the legend of Jingzhong Banner, and his second fold, Yue Hou Nie Bei, compiled the story of Yue Fei asking Zhang Xian to stab him in the back. The excerpt is as follows. Sheng (Yue Fei) said, "Zhang Xian, you brought a knife and impressed on my back the words’ serve the country faithfully’." At last (Zhang Xian) said, "I’m afraid of your master’s pain." "I was furious," he said, "Alas, I am not afraid of Yue Fei’s death, so I am afraid of pain!" At the end, he said, "In that case, the villain is bold!" At the end, he said, "It’s finished." The student said, "Let me forget it." "At the end, I should be introduced by Nie, and the outside (pale head) and the students should be dressed." At the end, I said, "Sir is determined to serve the country, so why bother to endure this pain?" The student said, "Zhang Xian, all courtiers now flatter the Lord and forget the monarch behind his back. I’ll engrave these four words on my back today to wake up those who forget the Lord and betray the monarch and ask him to look back." It seems that the author deeply felt that "civil officials love money, military officials cherish death" in the late Ming Dynasty, and made this remark.