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Thinking and making decisions like a human being and talking about Tesla FSD V12 system

　　[Interpretation of car home’s New Technology] On August 26th, US time, Tesla CEO elon musk personally experienced the latest driver assistance system software equipped with FSD V12, during which the video was broadcast live for about 45 minutes. According to reports, the FSD V12 software will adopt an end-to-end neural network algorithm, no longer relying on map data. With the destination coordinates, the vehicle will automatically navigate and drive past. The new version of the software is also expected to be installed on the newly released new model (|), which is very worth looking forward to. Let’s take a look at Tesla FSD V12 software and see why it is so amazing!

Home of the car

● Model S with FSD V12 software installed.

　　The vehicle in the live broadcast is a Model S equipped with HW3(Hardware 3.0) driver assistance hardware system, on which the latest version of FSD V12 software is installed. This HW3 hardware is made of FSD chip independently developed by Tesla, manufactured by 14 nm process, with a single chip computing power of 72TOPS. Each HW3.0 hardware is equipped with two FSD chips, with a total power of 144TOPS and a total power consumption of 200W W.

Home of the car

Home of the car

　　The latest version of FSD V12 software does not use the newly released HW4.0 hardware with further improved performance. This aspect reflects that the FSD V12 software is now developed based on HW3.0 hardware, and the computing power of HW3.0 hardware can fully meet the requirements of FSD V12. In the future, it is only a matter of time before this software algorithm is transplanted to HW4.0 with stronger computing power.　

● What is the biggest upgrade of FSD V12 software?

　　The biggest upgrade of FSD V12 software is to adopt a set of end-to-end algorithm scheme. Speaking human words is,The driver assistance system inputs the image data obtained by the camera into the neural network, and the network can directly output vehicle control instructions (such as steering, acceleration, braking, etc.)..

Home of the car

　　Neural network algorithm is composed of several interconnected artificial neurons, which are arranged in a hierarchical structure. Through repeated iterative training, the neural network can automatically learn the features and patterns of input data, and make accurate prediction or classification on unknown data. This makes the neural network algorithm widely used in image recognition, speech recognition, natural language processing, recommendation system and other machine learning tasks.

Home of the car

Home of the car

Home of the car

　　In contrast, the traditional vehicle control decision-making and route planning algorithms are realized by logical control programs, that is, codes written by programmers. Tesla’s latest end-to-end scheme also gives the function of this part of logic control code to the neural network model, which is also the most innovative place of FSD V12 software.

Home of the car

　　Compared with human flesh navigation, the high-precision GPS, compass, wheel speed sensor and other equipment in the car can help this driving assistance system with end-to-end scheme to achieve more accurate route planning, greatly reducing the occurrence of "passing" and "turning wrong".

Home of the car

　　Musk said that HW3.0 hardware equipped with FSD V12 software can process the data of eight cameras at 36FPS at present (HW3.0 hardware performance can support 50FPS, but camera specifications limit the improvement of frame rate), and the system power consumption is only 100 W (rated power of HW3.0 is 200W), which reflects the high efficiency of HW 3.0 and the fact that FSD V12 software does not require very much computing power.

Home of the car

　　All these vehicle control decisions are not obtained by traditional logic algorithm, but by neural network reasoning. Does it sound like a human being? When driving, human beings are often based on intuition, and intuition is produced by the neural circuits of the brain.

● How did the neural network of FSD V12 software come from?

　　At present, most neural network algorithms are composed of learning and reasoning. The driver assistance system obtains a neural network with optimized parameters by learning videos of various road conditions. The optimized neural network is deployed on HW3.0 hardware, and the vehicle control decision is obtained by reasoning according to the image obtained by the vehicle camera.

Home of the car

　　It is said that the decision-making of Tesla’s intelligent driving system has changed from programming logic to neural network algorithm since 2020. In fact, technological changes have already begun, but most ordinary consumers are only aware of it.

Home of the car

　　Musk also bluntly said: "This is also the reason why the V12 version of the software has not really been released publicly." At present, the V12 software also needs to optimize various Conner Case. Simply put, let the system watch more videos, conduct reinforcement learning, and further optimize the neural network architecture and network parameters.

● The popularity of end-to-end algorithms has strengthened the right to speak in computing power.

　　If the end-to-end algorithm is to be useful, it is necessary to constantly "feed" videos to the neural network, so that it can continuously learn and optimize its parameters. And the whole learning process is greatly dependent on the computing power of the training server. With the popularity of end-to-end algorithms, whoever has a powerful training server will have an absolute say in the field of autonomous driving.

Home of the car

　　Affected by the U.S. export ban on China, it seems more difficult for China enterprises to buy the latest high-end accelerator cards in NVIDIA in large quantities. At present, although China enterprises can also produce AI acceleration chips, compared with NVIDIA, which has been deeply involved in the AI market for many years, there is a big gap in application ecological construction and chip performance, and there is still a long way to go.

Home of the car

　　With the rise of AI technology, the computing power it relies on has become an important target for technology companies to invest. Funds have been invested in the construction of intelligent computing centers, making the AI industry gradually become a heavy asset industry. To put it bluntly, whoever spends money on computing power will have good model performance, and the products will be able to launch and occupy the market faster.

Home of the car

　　If China autonomous driving companies want to be hard with Tesla on the pure vision+end-to-end algorithm track, the chances of winning are not high; It is better to further develop the technology route of sensor fusion +V2X vehicle-road coordination, and perhaps find an automatic driving road suitable for China.

Home of the car

　　In terms of hardware, according to the information circulating on the Internet, the new Model 3 will adopt the HW3.5 version of hardware configuration, which can meet the FSD V12 version of software in terms of computing power. In other words, in the future, the new Model 3 may be expected to obtain all the functions of the FSD V12 version software through OTA upgrade, so that the vehicle intelligent driving system will enter the era of pure vision and end-to-end algorithm.

● China is entering the era of urban navigation-assisted driving.

　　Since the second half of last year, urban navigation assisted driving functions, represented by Tucki NGP and Huawei NCA, have gradually landed, and gradually unlocked the right to use more and more cities.

Home of the car

　　Supply chain enterprises are also gearing up, and companies such as Xiaoma Zhixing, Haomo Zhixing and Wen Yuan Zhixing are also actively providing the latest intelligent driving solutions for the main engine factory. It is foreseeable that the number of vehicles equipped with urban driving assistance functions will usher in a wave of outbreaks in 2023.

Home of the car

　　Users only need to train the vehicle on a fixed route for 1-3 weeks, and they can realize autonomous driving of the vehicle on the daily commuting route with little manual intervention.

Home of the car

　　I believe that in the future, more car companies and technology companies will "roll" the commuter navigation assistance function, further intensifying the survival of the fittest in the industry and promoting the progress of automobile intelligent driving technology.

● Full text summary:

　　Judging from the live video, the FSD V12 version of the software using the end-to-end neural network algorithm does have a relatively good urban navigation-assisted driving ability, but this is based on the measured performance of American roads. Compared with the road conditions in China, the road conditions in the United States are obviously simpler. Whether the FSD V12 version can withstand the hellish challenge of the road conditions in China has yet to be verified.

　　2023 is considered to be the first year of urban navigation-assisted driving in China, and also the beginning of the second half of driving assistance system competition. Whether it’s a mule or a horse, we have to pull it out to see. We expect Tesla’s urban NOA to land in China as soon as possible, so that we can have a chance to see how high the real strength of pure vision+end-to-end algorithm is! (Photo/Text/car home Chang Qinglin)

One of the parties to the poisoning case made his first public appearance and was investigated by Russian and British media.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:In March this year, Britain and Russia accused each other of using the media to "spread lies" after the case that Krippahl, a former Russian intelligence agent, and his daughter You Liya were suspected of being poisoned in Britain. On the other hand, the British Telecommunications Bureau recently announced a new investigation on "Russia Today" TV station. Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Zacharova confirmed on the 23rd that Russia has begun to analyze the amount of reports in the British media in Russia and conduct a formal investigation on its objectivity.

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Russian Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zacharova

　　　　　　 Zacharova said that what Britain did to Russian media forced Russia to take reciprocal measures.

　　　　　　 In mid-March this year, the British Telecommunications Bureau sent a letter to the licensee of "Russia Today" TV station, pointing out that sanctions might be imposed on him for the poisoning case in Krippahl. On April 18th, the British Telecommunications Bureau announced that it had launched seven investigations into the recent broadcast of "Russia Today" in Britain, arguing that the number of reports related to this event had increased significantly, and it was suspected of violating the principle of news impartiality. The investigation also involved "Russia Today" reports on the situation in Syria. "Russia Today" and Russian officials refuted the British statement that the investigation hindered freedom of the press.

　　　　　　 On the 21st of this month, BT announced that it had launched three new investigations on "Russia Today", bringing the number of investigations conducted on this TV station to 10. According to reports, if the British Telecommunications Bureau determines that "Russia Today" violates British radio and television regulations, it may impose a fine or even revoke the media license of the British branch of "Russia Today".

　　　　　　 Krippahl’s daughter made her first public appearance.

　　　　　　 You Liya, the daughter of Krippahl, one of the parties to this "suspected poisoning" case, issued a statement. On the 23rd, several media broadcast this video — — This is also You Liya’s first public appearance in the incident. You Liya made a statement in Russian and English. She said that this "poisoning" incident shocked her and turned her life upside down. At present, she doesn’t want to disclose the details of the case.

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Krippahl’s daughter You Liya.

　　　　　　 In response to the repeated requests of the Russian Embassy in the UK for visits and assistance in the investigation, You Liya said that she did not want to accept a visit from the Russian Embassy at this stage. She said that she would care for her father "until he fully recovered"; And one day in the future, she hopes to return to Russia.

　　　　　　 It is said that You Liya is still under the "special protection" of the British police in Britain, and his place of residence is kept secret. In this video, You Liya made a brief statement and did not answer the reporter’s question.

　　　　　　 The "poisoning" case caused the relationship between Russia and the West to deteriorate.

　　　　　　 At the beginning of March this year, Sergei Skripal and his daughter You Liya were "suspected of being poisoned in Britain". Subsequently, the relationship between Russia and the West turned sharply and deteriorated step by step — — Let’s review it together.

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　　　　　　 On March 4th this year, Krippahl, a former Russian intelligence agent, and his daughter were unconscious on a bench in the street of Salisbury, England, and were taken to hospital for treatment. The British government believes that the two were harmed by the nerve agent Novichok, and the responsible party is "very likely" Russia. The Russian side firmly denied that it was related to this matter.

　　　　　　 After that, Russia and western countries expelled a large number of diplomats from each other.

　　　　　　 On March 14th, Britain announced the expulsion of 23 Russian diplomats.

　　　　　　 On March 17th, the Russian government announced the expulsion of 23 British diplomats in Russia.

　　　　　　 On March 26th, 16 EU member states and the United States, Canada, Ukraine and other countries announced the expulsion of Russian diplomats.

　　　　　　 On March 29th, in response to the expulsion of Russian diplomats by the United States, Russia announced that it would expel 60 American diplomats in Russia and close the American Consulate General in St. Petersburg.

　　　　　　 On March 30th, Russia summoned representatives of diplomatic envoys from 23 countries, including Australia, Germany and Italy, and told them that Russia would expel the diplomats from these countries in Russia on the principle of equal number. The Russian Foreign Ministry issued a statement saying that in the absence of an objective and detailed investigation, Britain’s allies blindly pursued "Western consensus" at the expense of its rationality, which violated the norms of international dialogue and relevant norms of international law.

　　　　　　 On April 10th, You Liya was discharged from hospital.

　　　　　　 Sergei Skripal was also discharged from the hospital on May 18th.

Chinese modernization makes the building of Chinese national spirit stand tall.

At the moment, the space station assembly, which consists of Tianhe core module, candlestick experimental module, Shenzhou-14 and Tianzhou-4, is soaring in space 400 kilometers away from the Earth. Soon, the Mengtian experimental module will be launched and the China Space Station will be fully built.

From Tiangong, Beidou and Chang ‘e to Tianhe, Tianwen and xi he, China Aerospace has continuously created new history, showing China’s enterprising spirit in the new era.

The revival of a nation needs strong material strength as well as strong spiritual strength.

China’s modernization is a modernization in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are coordinated. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Without the active guidance of advanced culture, the great enrichment of people’s spiritual world and the continuous enhancement of national spiritual strength, a country or a nation cannot stand among the nations of the world."

Today, we are in a critical period to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. National prosperity and national rejuvenation need the accumulation of material civilization and the sublimation of spiritual civilization.

During this year’s Beijing Winter Olympics, Beijing’s "Face Man Lang" gained attention at home and abroad. At the "Spring Festival Temple Fair" held for foreign guests who came to China to attend the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics, the dough-sculpted mascot "Bingdundun" made by the third generation inheritor Lang Jiazi was favored by Prince Albert II of Monaco. He couldn’t put it down, and placed an order with Lang Jiazi on the spot, hoping to bring a pair back to China and give them to a pair of children.

In this global sports event, ice dancers Wang Shiyue and Liu Xinyu dressed in green landscape costumes danced on the ice, just like unfolding a painting of Mo Bao. At the closing ceremony, hundreds of China college students slowly entered the stadium holding swaying willow branches, and sent a romantic Chinese farewell to friends from all over the world … …

Chinese excellent traditional culture is the crystallization and essence of Chinese civilization, the root and soul of the Chinese nation, and the foundation for us to gain a firm foothold in the agitation of world culture.

Recently, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in his preface to Fuxing Library that "it is necessary to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture and build a spiritual home shared by the Chinese nation".

Several Opinions on Strengthening the Reform of Cultural Relics Protection and Utilization, the Construction Plan of the Great Wall, the Grand Canal and the Long March National Cultural Park, and the Opinions on Strengthening the Protection and Inheritance of Historical Culture in Urban and Rural Construction have been promulgated, and the inheritance and development project of Chinese excellent traditional culture has been implemented in depth, and the foundation of national cultural soft power has become more solid; In-depth investigation and sorting out of cultural resources, finding out the family background of cultural resources, the protection of cultural heritage has leapt to a new level, and 42 intangible cultural heritage projects in China have been listed in the UNESCO list, ranking first in the world … …

On October 6th, tourists visited the Nanjing City Wall Museum.

In the 10 years of the new era, we systematically sorted out the excellent traditional Chinese cultural resources, so that the cultural relics collected in the Forbidden Palace, the heritage displayed on the vast land, and the characters written in ancient books all came alive; Deeply explore and expound the ideological essence and the value of the times contained in the excellent Chinese traditional culture, and carry forward the cultural spirit that transcends time and space, transcends the country, is full of eternal charm and has contemporary value.

China’s excellent traditional culture has achieved creative transformation and innovative development, and it has given off a new era style.

In the early morning, when the first sunrise reflected the 36th peak of Huangshan Mountain, Li Peisheng and Hu Xiaochun, the "good people of China", started their day’s work.

On August 13th this year, Li Peisheng and Hu Xiaochun received a reply from the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, with short words and warm words: "I hope you will continue to play a good role as an example, actively spread the truth, goodness and beauty, transmit positive energy, and drive more people around you to be good, carry forward the socialist core values, strive to be good citizens of society, good employees of units and good members of families, and contribute your own light and heat to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."

Climb, climb, climb again … … In the past 23 years, Li Peisheng has set a rope height of nearly 1,800 kilometers, which is equivalent to climbing the height of about 200 Everest.

How did you stick to it after so many years of paying off the rope? Are you afraid of picking up rubbish on the cliff? I can only go home once a month. Have you ever thought about changing jobs? Li Peisheng has been asked a similar question countless times, but whether it was 23 years ago or now, his answer is the same: "All walks of life need someone to do this job. If I don’t do it, I have to do it."

"Every time I put the rope back, tourists will come around and clap their hands. It feels great." Li Peisheng said that he was especially pleased to hear that some parents taught their children not to litter casually.

Li Peisheng picks up garbage between cliffs in Huangshan Scenic Area (photo taken on August 15th, 2022).

On June 29th, 2021, the awarding ceremony of "July 1st Medal" was held in the Great Hall of the People. As one of the 29 meritorious model party member, Zhang Guimei, the headmaster of Huaping Girls’ High School in Lijiang, Yunnan Province, has touching hands covered with plasters. "The journey is long, only struggle." The eight words repeatedly emphasized by the General Secretary are remembered by Zhang Guimei as the motto. She said: "As long as I have a breath, I will stand on the podium, do my best and give everything, and I will die without regret."

Qian Qian’s ten thousand Chinese was not only moved by her story, but also warmly praised her spirit and quality.

The people’s yearning for a better life includes both the material life of "storing food and clothing" and the social atmosphere of "knowing etiquette and knowing honor and disgrace".

Hold a national commendation meeting for spiritual civilization construction and release "model of the times", "China good man" and "the most beautiful person" … … In the 10 years of the new era, advanced models have been baptized again and again, which has made the atmosphere of learning to catch up with the advanced and seeing the sages in Si Qi more and more intense, and good deeds have emerged one after another, and charitable acts have become a common practice.

"The province’s 360,000 persons in charge of assistance work in pairs with poor households, and tailor-made for all poor households ‘ One household, one policy ’ Accurate poverty alleviation plan, based on household and individual policies & HELIP; …” On September 27th, the "One Household, One Policy" Poverty Alleviation Plan attracted many visitors’ attention in the section of Gansu unit of the theme achievement exhibition "Striving for a New Era".

The plan records in detail the basic situation of each poor family, the causes of poverty, the path of poverty alleviation, assistance measures and the time of poverty alleviation, which is a microcosm of China’s poverty alleviation.

"One household, one policy" poverty alleviation plan (exhibited in Gansu unit of the theme achievement exhibition "Striving for a new era")

In the work of getting rid of poverty, millions of poverty-stricken cadres have devoted themselves, worked hard, and wanted to be together, live together and work together with the poor. More than 1,800 comrades have fixed their lives on the journey of getting rid of poverty. This great practice in the history of human anti-poverty has forged the spirit of "working with one heart and one mind, fighting with all sharpness, being precise and pragmatic, pioneering and innovative, overcoming difficulties and living up to the people".

"Poverty alleviation has achieved fruitful results in material and spiritual terms." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that the spirit of getting rid of poverty and tackling difficulties is a vivid portrayal of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s nature and purpose, China people’s will and quality, and the Chinese national spirit, which has continuously inherited the great national spirit and the spirit of the times.

For more than 100 years, for the sake of national independence and people’s liberation, for the sake of national prosperity and people’s happiness, the Communist Party of China (CPC) carried forward the great spirit of party building, built the spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people through long-term struggle, and forged a distinctive political character. Jinggangshan spirit, Long March spirit, the spirit of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, the spirit of reform and opening up, the spirit of tackling poverty, the spirit of scientists, and the spirit of Beidou in the new era … … History keeps flowing and spirits are passed down from generation to generation. These great spirits inspire the people of China to be confident and high in the great times.

On September 14th, young volunteers took photos of the old people in Jianbei Village, Yangqiao Town, Fenyi County, Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province.

Great cause whets great spirit, and great spirit leads great cause. China’s modernization adheres to the socialist core values, strengthens the education of ideals and beliefs, promotes Chinese excellent traditional culture, strengthens people’s spiritual strength, and promotes the all-round enrichment of things and the all-round development of people.

When high-rise buildings are everywhere in our country, the building of Chinese national spirit is also towering.

Today’s Chinese nation is standing among the nations of the world with unprecedented self-confidence; The people of China today are marching towards the future with unprecedented pride and ambition.

Chief Producer Qian Wei Wang Shanshan

Producer: Ou Zhang

Producer Xing Lai

Editor-in-Chief Ning Lili

Editor Liu Xinyan

Visual sense Jiang yuhang

Proofread Luan Xiyan

The harvest of autumn crops in Henan exceeded 114 million mu, and the grain production structure was optimized to increase production and income.

CCTV News:As of October 18th, autumn crops in Henan Province have harvested 114.77 million mu, accounting for 96.4% of the planting area. Except for some late crops such as rice and sweet potato along the Yellow River, the autumn harvest in Henan Province has basically ended.

Autumn crops in Henan Province mainly include corn, rice, soybeans and other food crops and oil crops such as peanuts and sesame seeds. Relevant departments guide farmers to choose excellent varieties, vigorously promote technologies such as simultaneous sowing of corn seeds and fertilizers and mechanized transplanting of rice, and improve sowing quality.

This year is the first year of soybean and corn strip compound planting in Henan province. While stabilizing autumn grain production, Henan has adjusted its grain production structure to increase production and income.

Recently, pieces of vegetables in Suixian County, Henan Province have been harvested one after another. In the vegetable planting base, the green "Shanghai Green" crop is mature, and the villagers are busy collecting, packing and loading. The large-scale and facility development of vegetable planting industry has effectively improved the land utilization rate, and the local "Shanghai Green" planting has realized "planting in turn in four seasons and harvesting eight crops a year". At present, the vegetable planting in Sui County is stable at more than 260,000 mu, and the total output is stable at about 750,000 tons.

The General Office of the Ministry of Transport issued the ＂Guide to Transport Safety Services for Self-driving Cars (Trial)＂

Cctv news: The General Office of the Ministry of Transport issued the Guide to Transport Safety Services for Self-driving Vehicles (Trial). It is clear that the use of self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport, taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport and road cargo transport should adhere to the principles of compliance with laws and regulations, honesty and trustworthiness, safety first and innovation drive. The transportation management of self-driving cars should adhere to the principles of safety first, integrity and innovation, inclusiveness and openness, and orderly advancement.

Self-driving car transport safety service guide (Trial)

In order to guide the development of autonomous driving technology and standardize the application of autonomous vehicles in the field of transportation services, this guide is formulated in accordance with the laws and regulations such as the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Safety in Production, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety, the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Transportation, and the relevant provisions on road transportation and urban passenger transport management.

I. Scope of application

These Guidelines shall apply to those who use self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport, taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport and road cargo transport business activities on urban roads, highways and other roads used for social motor vehicles.

The self-driving cars mentioned in this guide refer to cars that have the ability to perform all dynamic driving tasks under the design and operation conditions according to the relevant national standards and are included in the product access scope by the industrial and information departments, including conditional self-driving cars, highly self-driving cars and fully self-driving cars specified in the national standard "Classification of Automobile Driving Automation" (GB/T40429-2021).

Second, the basic principles

Using self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport, taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport and road cargo transport (hereinafter referred to as self-driving transport) should adhere to the principles of compliance with laws and regulations, honesty and trustworthiness, safety first and innovation drive. The transportation management of self-driving cars should adhere to the principles of safety first, integrity and innovation, inclusiveness and openness, and orderly advancement.

Third, the application scenario

In order to ensure transportation safety, self-driving cars should carry out road transportation services in designated areas and pass the road traffic safety assessment according to law. Using self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport business activities can be carried out in a physically closed, relatively closed or simple fixed line and traffic safety controllable scene; Using self-driving cars to engage in taxi passenger transport business activities can be carried out in the scene of good traffic conditions and controllable traffic safety; Prudent use of self-driving cars to engage in road passenger transport business activities; Self-driving cars can be used to engage in road cargo transportation business activities in scenes such as point-to-point trunk road transportation or urban roads with controllable traffic safety; It is forbidden to use self-driving cars to engage in road dangerous goods transportation business activities.

Four, automatic driving transport operators

Operators who use self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport, taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport and road cargo transport (hereinafter referred to as self-driving transport operators) shall register market entities according to law, and their business scope shall register corresponding business categories; Taxi passenger transport (network car) and road passenger transport should be insured with carrier liability insurance according to law. Those who engage in the operation of urban public buses and trams shall meet the relevant operational requirements of the state and the people’s government of the city where they operate. Engaged in taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport business, road cargo transport business, should have the business license qualification of the corresponding business category. Urban passenger transport enterprises and road transport enterprises can form a consortium with automobile production enterprises to carry out self-driving transport operations. Self-driving transport operators shall go through the relevant formalities according to law, and local transportation authorities shall provide handling channels for self-driving transport operators to engage in self-driving automobile transport business services.

V. Transport vehicles

Self-driving cars engaged in road transport business should meet the requirements of relevant national standards and technical specifications, register motor vehicles according to law, and obtain motor vehicle number plates and motor vehicle driving licenses. Self-driving cars engaged in urban bus and tram passenger transport should meet the relevant operational requirements of the state and the people’s government of the city where they operate. Self-driving cars engaged in taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport and road cargo transport should also meet the requirements of the technical standards for the safety of operating motor vehicles in the transportation industry, and obtain the Network Appointment Taxi Transport Certificate or Road Transport Certificate issued by the transportation authorities at the place of operation according to law. If the self-driving car needs to change the automatic driving function and upgrade the vehicle software system, it should be implemented in accordance with the regulations of the industrial and information departments to ensure the safe operation of the vehicle.

Self-driving cars engaged in road transport business shall provide traffic accident liability compulsory insurance certificate, traffic accident liability insurance certificate or accident compensation guarantee in accordance with the relevant requirements of Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Transport, Regulations on Compulsory Insurance of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident Liability and Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security on Printing and Distributing the Management Specification for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Networked Vehicles (Trial) (No.97 [2021] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology).

VI. Staffing

Self-driving cars engaged in urban bus and tram passenger transport and road passenger transport should be equipped with a driver or operation safety guarantee personnel (hereinafter referred to as "safety officers"). Self-driving cars engaged in road freight transportation are equipped with safety officers on board in principle. Conditional self-driving cars and highly self-driving cars engaged in taxi passenger transport should be equipped with a safety officer; Fully self-driving cars engaged in taxi passenger transport can use remote safety officers when operating in designated areas with the consent of the people’s governments of districts and cities under the premise of ensuring safety, and the ratio of remote safety officers to vehicles shall not be less than 1:3. Safety officers shall receive training in self-driving car technology and related transportation business, be familiar with the provisions of road traffic safety laws and regulations, the operation skills of different levels of self-driving systems, be familiar with the running routes of self-driving cars, and have the ability to take over vehicles in an emergency. After the automatic driving function of self-driving cars is changed or updated and upgraded, the self-driving transport operators should strengthen the on-the-job training of safety officers in time to ensure that they can master new functions, new technologies and new requirements in time. Safety personnel shall comply with the relevant regulations and requirements for the management of employees in the field of transportation and obtain the qualifications of corresponding business categories.

VII. Safety and security

(1) Safety production system.

Self-driving transport operators should fulfill the main responsibility of production safety, and establish and implement operational safety management systems, including but not limited to the responsibility system for all employees’ production safety, vehicle technical management system, safety evaluation system, safety hidden danger investigation and management system, dynamic monitoring management system, network safety management system, employee safety management system, key post safety operation procedures, safety production and emergency response education and training plan, etc.

(2) Transportation security.

Self-driving transport operators should establish and improve the transport safety guarantee system. Before the formal operation, they should formulate the transport safety guarantee scheme for self-driving vehicles, and clarify the design and operation conditions, staffing, operational safety risk list, grading control measures and emergency response measures of self-driving vehicles. Self-driving transport operators should sign agreements with automobile production enterprises and safety officers, clarify the rights, responsibilities and obligations of all parties, and organize professional demonstration and safety risk assessment of transport safety guarantee schemes. The transportation safety guarantee scheme and safety risk assessment report shall be informed to the transportation authorities, public security traffic police departments and emergency management departments at the place of operation. Self-driving transport operators should ensure transport safety; If there are major hidden dangers that cannot guarantee transportation safety, the automatic driving transportation operation should be suspended in time according to law.

(3) Operation status information management.

Self-driving transport operators should ensure that the vehicle is in good technical condition and operate according to the vehicle instruction manual. Self-driving cars engaged in road transport business should have the functions of recording, storing and transmitting vehicle running state information, and transmit key running state information to the self-driving transport operators and relevant competent departments in the operation area in real time. When an accident happens to a vehicle or the automatic driving function fails, the running state information of at least 90 seconds before the accident should be automatically recorded and stored. The running status information includes but is not limited to the following 10 items: vehicle identification (frame number or vehicle number plate information, etc.); Vehicle control mode; Vehicle position; Motion states such as vehicle speed, acceleration and driving direction; Environmental perception and response state; Real-time status of vehicle lights and signals; 360-degree video monitoring outside the vehicle; In-vehicle video and voice monitoring that reflects the state of human-computer interaction between the driver and the vehicle; Remote control instructions received by the vehicle (if any) and vehicle fault conditions (if any).

(4) Vehicle dynamic monitoring.

If the vehicle conforms to the Measures for the Dynamic Supervision and Management of Road Transport Vehicles and the relevant provisions of the state, it is necessary to strengthen the dynamic monitoring of self-driving vehicles, monitor and manage the vehicle operation area, operation line and operation status, and promptly remind and correct and deal with illegal acts. The transportation authorities at the place of operation should urge the self-driving transport operators to strengthen the dynamic management of transport vehicles and safety personnel.

(5) Safety notification.

Self-driving cars should be marked with eye-catching patterns, words or colors on the body to clearly inform other traffic participants of their self-driving status. Operators who use self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport, taxi passenger transport and road passenger transport should inform passengers of the automatic driving function, safe riding knowledge, the use of safety facilities, emergency escape methods and other matters by playing videos or posting signs.

(6) Emergency handling.

Self-driving transport operators should formulate emergency plans for the operation of self-driving cars, clarify the types and levels of emergencies, disposal methods, emergency response procedures, division of responsibilities and safeguard measures, and organize regular emergency drills. In case of vehicle failure or safety accident during the operation of self-driving cars, self-driving transport operators should start emergency response according to the requirements of emergency plan and make emergency treatment; In case of casualties in production safety accidents, it should be reported to the competent department of transportation in time in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

Eight, supervision and management

(1) Daily supervision.

The competent department of transportation shall, jointly with relevant departments, strengthen the supervision and management of self-driving automobile transportation business activities, carry out supervision and inspection in accordance with the requirements of "double randomness and openness", and set their functions and powers according to law to urge self-driving automobile production enterprises and self-driving transportation operators to carry out road transportation business activities in strict accordance with relevant national laws and regulations to ensure transportation safety. Local transportation authorities may formulate safety requirements and measures higher than these guidelines in light of local conditions.

(2) rectification of hidden dangers.

If there are major safety hazards in using self-driving cars to engage in road transport business activities, the transportation authorities at the place of operation shall, jointly with relevant departments, determine their functions and powers according to law and order self-driving car manufacturers and self-driving transport operators to make rapid rectification. If transportation safety cannot be guaranteed, it shall be dealt with according to laws and regulations such as the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Safety in Production, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety and the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Transportation.

(3) Information feedback.

If there are technical defects, hidden dangers and problems in the operation of self-driving cars, the self-driving transport operators should give feedback to the relevant competent departments in accordance with the law, and the relevant competent departments should urge the automobile production enterprises to quickly investigate and rectify, eliminate potential safety hazards in time and ensure production safety. The transportation authorities in the place of operation should regularly monitor and summarize the local autonomous driving operation services and master the industry safety and operation services. Provincial transportation authorities should report to the Ministry before the end of each year on the operation of self-driving automobile transportation within their respective jurisdictions.

Adapted from a real event, the head is put into a cement microwave oven, and the star eats roundworms to lose weight. It’s wonderful.

There is a theme that is almost never out of date.

Disaster.

Look at recent topic blockbusters:

Escape from Mogadishu, the lives of several diplomats reflect the disaster of an entire nation;

"Dune", the last-time alien turmoil metaphor of the disaster of human civilization;

Tom Hanks’s new film "Finch" tells the disaster of "a dog" with full humanity …

After 2020, we have a more specific understanding of "disaster".

After fear and shock.

We also need a closer "disaster education".

Emergency call season 5

9-1-1 Season5

A treasure American drama delayed by its name.

Quality, the absolute best among peers:

The lowest douban in the whole series is 8.7, and it climbed to 9.3 in the fifth season when it was renewed by Fox, making it the highest in the series.

Director and screenwriter, following the cast of another high-scoring series "American Horror Story".

Athena, played by angela bassett, was the Queen Mother of Wa Kanda.

Wang Ba qi.

Male host Bobby, played by Peter Krause, was once the male host of "Top Family American TV Series" and "Under Six Feet".

From the funeral home to the fire station, from letting people die decently to giving hope to life.

△ Time is a knife that grinds people.

Similar to our "call the police uncle if something happens", in the United States, call 911 if something happens.

On this end of the phone, there are helpless citizens in trouble.

On the other end of the phone, there are random 911 operators, firefighters and policemen.

Their job is to deal with "emergencies" one by one.

Pull a fresh life back from the gate of hell.

In the first four seasons, there were many tricks, and the cases were wonderful beyond imagination.

There are natural disasters.

After the earthquake of magnitude 7.1, the whole of Los Angeles was in a mess, and the telephone of 911 command center was ringing off the hook.

The dock playground was suddenly hit by a deadly tsunami.

There are man-made disasters.

The girl was suffocated by her pet golden python.

In the food competition, the man ate high protein foods, an insect, and almost choked to death.

What new tricks can be played in the new season, the realistic version of Death Comes, which can be regarded as a great reward for human confusing behavior?

Frankly speaking.

Although the plot of "911" is fictional, the brain hole is flying about.

But those who face disaster are out of control and powerless.

But it actually happens around us every day.

01

lose control of

Los Angeles is in trouble again.

The famous Hollywood boulevard is now devastated, with traffic paralyzed and empty.

What’s going on?

The members of the 118 fire brigade are well-informed, but when they see such scenes, they can’t help smiling in shock and fascination …

The whole thing is speechless

White-haired vultures comb their hair gracefully in cars, and emu families capture the main roads;

Rhinoceros is more fit than anyone in front of the car, and elephants are swinging their noses and whistling in the sky;

Endless.

Looking up again, the giraffe, three stories high, walked lazily in front of him and went shopping in high profile …

△ Zhen zootopia

Even worse is yet to come.

It was dark in the zoo toy store, and the man screamed for help.

The ground was covered with blood and an ear was bitten off.

And this amazing lethality comes from an alpaca.

Grass mud horse, it’s crazy!

Don’t laugh, it’s urgent, how to get it away?

Henrietta (Aisha Hinds), a firefighter who once wanted to keep alpacas as pets, has experience.

She stepped back cautiously as she sprinkled cornflakes.

The alpaca with a mouthful of blood is snoring, and it is pressing hard, and it is about to be drawn away …

Suddenly, a shrill alarm bell sounded.

Run!

The alpaca over there sped up and rushed at the firemen and the captain.

Bobby raised his gun and just got ready for defense.

At a critical juncture, the alpaca came to an abrupt end and snorted.

Coward?

The firemen looked at each other, and guess what they saw:

The other alpaca licking blood on its mouth.

How to solve it? Sir is not a spoiler.

However, it can be seen that the theme of the fifth season of this fund burning is the city out of control.

Animals dominate the world out of control.

There is even more novel, the spread of network viruses is out of control.

Small to the network jam, the phone alarm is disordered;

So big that the plane went out of control collectively, rushed to the tower, the car GPS card was bugged, and the traffic in the whole city was paralyzed.

Even, the city has a large-scale power outage.

02

frightened

At this point, the "superheroes" responded.

Of course, there is an exciting "last-second rescue" in 911.

Before the helicopter fell downstairs:

Take out the frozen heart and grab the rope, "Spider-Man" upper body;

Before a pregnant woman gives birth:

Time is tight, deliver the baby on the spot, and even one person helps N pregnant women deliver the baby urgently.

Also, men have to "deliver babies"

On the night of the full moon, a man said that he had biological peristalsis in his abdomen and had been colic for a week …

The rescue team smiled, not a child, but a worm.

Repeatedly screaming, the man’s nakedness slowly drilled out long creatures.

Bobby said he didn’t look; Buck cocked his mouth. Interesting. Let me try.

Such lightness and calmness are not natural.

Put on uniforms, they are the great saviors to save the people from fire and water.

Under the uniform, they are also ordinary people living in a chicken feather.

Everyone has a past that they don’t want to face.

Some people died in the fire because of negligence, and finally decided to commit suicide when firefighters completed redemption;

Someone was betrayed by her husband, her daughter was bullied, and her family was terminally ill …

In the end, they chose to wear armor.

And in this way, I tried to suppress my fears forever.

A man’s identity, a fireman’s occupation, a hero’s title.

They are afraid and unwilling to admit their long-standing mental anxiety.

A clip that impressed Sir.

A bully who has committed three crimes, namely stalking, rape and assaulting a police officer, escaped during the trial.

Athena succeeded in chasing the murderer, but she was reluctant to start.

Because the other side caught her son as a threat.

Finally, Athena watched the wicked kill her companion and run away again.

She is a decisive policewoman and a mother who feels guilty.

They are not superheroes forever.

Even a hero, there is always a time when he can’t do it.

03

Heroes are unknown

Heroes are not omnipotent. What should they do when they can’t win time?

"SOS" did not evade this question.

The girl drove into the lake and saw the car sink a little, but she couldn’t open the door no matter how hard she tried.

Call 911 for help, but PlanA, save yourself.

Operator Mei (played by Colleen Marcia) gave careful guidance:

I can’t open the door because the pressure outside the door is greater than the internal pressure.

But at some point during sinking, the pressure difference between inside and outside will be balanced.

Unbutton your seat belt and take off your shoes

Stay away from anything that might drag you into the water.

Keep your mouth and nose on the water as long as possible.

When the water begins to drown your face, you have to take a big breath.

The last breath should be as big as possible.

The boy with respiratory tract infection almost fainted because the spare battery of ventilator was dead.

Mother called 911 and cried for help. Mei informed the rescue team that it would take at least 1-2 hours.

There is not enough time, what should I do?

The rescue team had an epiphany. According to the time of sunrise and sunset, they called up the top view of the houses in the block and found solar panels.

Immediately mobilize the neighbors, and the neighbors call the rest of the community …

The wires pass through every household, one section connected to another.

In this way, the door to survival was connected for the little boy.

Also, when Athena’s youngest son was taken away by a bully, he came across a girl walking the dog.

The bully took out a fake badge to deal with it, but the panicked girl recorded the video and sent it online.

I originally wanted to prove that the police "rudely enforced the law."

But it happened to help Athena a a big favor.

At first glance, SOS is a series of impenetrable rescue the wounded and rescue the dying, where will you go.

Just like individual heroism in the group.

But under the package of wonders and strange feelings, we take care of fresh people.

We need heroes whose professional ability can save everyone from fire and water.

But it’s like a connected wire.

We, ordinary people who are just and kind with limited ability, may be "saving lives" at all times.

04

Man-made disasters in natural disasters

At first, Sir really opened the play with a curiosity.

However, the more we go back, the more we find that most of these strange things are based on real events.

The alpaca rage syndrome mentioned earlier has long been a success in this magical fertile soil of Australia.

The cute alpaca was unveiled.

Is it strange to get a worm in your stomach?

There are also stars who eat roundworms just to lose weight.

Zhang greatly broke the news in the program that some actresses failed to lose weight normally, so they adopted the "Ascaris Diet".

Familiar process: pale lips, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, going to the hospital for gastric lavage …

△ Source: Netease

A few guys from online celebrity put their friends’ heads in a microwave oven filled with cement for the live broadcast.

Finally, my friend’s head was stuck in the microwave oven because of the solidification of cement.

Even if the breathing tube is connected, the saliva that keeps swallowing because of fear blocks the tube.

Struggling, he plunged into the swimming pool …

When the firemen rescued him ashore, other guys were still asking for praise and attention on the live broadcast.

And this comes from the life prototype of a little brother in online celebrity, England.

It was very high at first, and finally my head got stuck and I almost suffocated.

Finally, firefighters were invited and it took five hours to save people.

Why did that bully, who is good at playing with people’s hearts, wait until the trial to quit his lawyer and defend himself?

Create a person.

And his confidence comes from a large number of fans in the online community.

Rapists and fans?

More than that.

They even came to the court to cheer for their "brother".

As long as the elder brother is good-looking, the three views follow the five senses.

Sounds ridiculous?

Maybe you haven’t forgotten.

The boy who killed a mother and son by speeding was begged by many teenagers on the internet because of his good looks …

Why is it difficult for the staff behind 911?

They practice eighteen kinds of martial arts, and they fight not only unpredictable disasters.

It is even more shocking to be "accustomed" to distorted values.

Abnormal aesthetics, beauty is justice, entertainment to death …

These humble numbness.

One day, it will merge into a greater disaster.

This may be the most practical "disaster education":

Don’t underestimate the disaster.

Don’t underestimate yourself.

Your ignorance, selfishness, indifference, there are always people who bear it silently;

And your kindness.

Always give them temperature and carry us through the cold winter.

The picture in this article comes from the Internet.

Editor’s Assistant: North of Xibei

The daily service capacity can reach 400 trips! The second new energy vehicle switching station in Beihai was put into operation.

　　　 On May 31st, Beihai Beiqi EU5 new energy taxi power station was officially put into operation, with a daily service capacity of 400 trains. This is the second new energy vehicle power station in our city, which is located in the new Olympic German natural gas filling station on Nanzhu Avenue in Beihai, covering an area of about 200 square meters.

According to reports, this yearOn May 18th, Haicheng District Government signed a cooperation agreement with Beihai Brighton Road Green New Energy Co., Ltd., which is controlled by Changfeng Energy Group. The company invested 60 million yuan to build a green new energy project in Beihai Brighton Road. The content of the project is to build five new energy vehicle exchange stations. The first exchange station was completed and put into operation on May 31, realizing the investment promotion speed of "introducing, signing, landing and putting into production in the same month".

A BeiqiEU5 new energy taxi is receiving automatic power exchange service. (Photo courtesy of Propaganda Department of Haicheng District Committee)

"It takes only 3 minutes to realize the whole process of power exchange, and it can meet the power exchange demand of Beiqi EU5 new energy taxi for 400 trips every day." He Guanghu, head of the power exchange division of Changfeng Energy Group, said that Changfeng Energy Group will accelerate the construction of the remaining four power exchange stations according to market demand this year, strive to be completed and put into operation as soon as possible, and provide power exchange services for more types of new energy vehicles.

　

It is reported that the Haicheng District Government will continue to strengthen cooperation with Changfeng Energy Group in the future, and gradually realize electric travel such as car and bus in Beihai New Energy Network."Exchange electricity for one network and service for one card", and gradually extend the cooperation of green carbon emission energy transformation projects in other regions.

On-the-job teachers’ online paid teaching leads to controversy： violation or innovation？

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 12th, by New Media Specialist Question: Violation or innovation? Behind the controversy caused by in-service teachers’ paid online teaching

　　Xinhua News Agency "China Net" reporter Fu Guangyu Liang Tianyun

　　Is it illegal for in-service teachers to teach online for free? How to supervise teachers’ teaching behavior in the internet age? Recently, the Chinese teacher of a middle school in Jiangsu resigned because he was reported to have opened a charging class online, which triggered a heated discussion among netizens. The reporter of "China Netscape" learned that under the background of "touching the net" upgrade in the field of education, relevant supporting policies should be further clarified and improved, so as to build a platform for teachers to realize their own value, and at the same time, let more students get the opportunity to choose high-quality resources.

　　On-the-job teachers’ "paid online courses" resigned after being reported, which caused heated discussion.

　　A few days ago, a middle school Chinese teacher in Jiangsu resigned from the public school where she taught and became a full-time network teacher. One of the reasons why she made up her mind to quit public office was that she was reported to have "paid teaching in violation of regulations" when she opened a charging class online.

　　In an interview with the media, the teacher said that her online teaching was completely open, and her real name and real image were also used. "All my courses are open, and the fees of the platform are for the whole country or even the whole world. I get the labor remuneration I deserve. I use my spare time to attend classes and use my home computer and network, which does not occupy any resources of the school or affect my job. The online class platform invited me to give a special lecture. What’s the difference between this and me writing a magazine column and the magazine paying me a manuscript fee? "

　　The reporter found that "paid online teaching" has been sought after by many students and parents in recent years. No matter which subject, you can listen to online courses as long as you pay the corresponding fees. However, among the teachers who teach online, in addition to full-time tutors, there are also some teachers in public schools. Some students and parents are worried that public teachers’ participation in online make-up classes will delay normal teaching activities.

　　"Online teaching is just a different channel for teaching. As long as it is paid, it is paid to teach." "It is difficult to balance public and private. As a public school teacher, it is inevitable that people will talk about it. Within the system, we must abide by discipline and rules. " Netizen "Erqilaore" commented.

　　But some netizens expressed their understanding. "As long as the teacher does not affect the normal teaching work of the school, it is understandable to teach online after class." "It is better than those who secretly let students make up lessons at home."

　　It is still difficult to supervise in-service teachers’ paid online teaching.

　　The "Regulations on Prohibiting Paid Make-up Classes for Primary and Secondary Schools and In-service Primary and Secondary School Teachers" issued by the Ministry of Education in 2015 clearly stipulates that it is strictly forbidden for in-service primary and secondary school teachers to organize, recommend and induce students to participate in paid make-up classes inside and outside the school; It is strictly forbidden for in-service primary and secondary school teachers to participate in off-campus training institutions or paid remedial classes organized by other teachers, parents and parent committees. So, is it illegal for in-service teachers to teach online for free?

　　The education authorities in many places said that in-service primary and secondary school teachers charged a certain fee for online teaching, so they were suspected of making up lessons with compensation. However, because there was no online teaching form before, there was often a lack of corresponding identification and handling basis for such situations.

　　Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences, believes that the current policy document does not clearly regulate online education and online paid remedial classes, and cannot keep up with the growing situation of online education, resulting in a difficult grasp of the boundaries in the implementation process. "First of all, we must clearly define what is paid remedial classes. What should really be banned is that some teachers should not speak well when they are in class at school, so that students can pay for remedial classes after class. "

　　A person in charge of an online education network platform told reporters that in-service teachers’ online lectures will be relatively low-key, such as using "so-and-so teacher" instead of real name, and the images of lectures will be processed to some extent.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Education Supervision Office in Haidian District of Beijing said that compared with the traditional way, online teaching is still a new thing, and it is difficult for the competent authorities and schools to inspect and supervise it. On the one hand, there is no clear definition of online teaching in the current rules and regulations; On the other hand, its mode of communication is more flexible. For example, teachers can set up WeChat WeChat official account to give lectures without reporting to the higher authorities for approval, while parents and students can pay selectively by way of "rewarding".

　　Further clarify the boundary and promote the equalization of educational resources

　　On the one hand, many students want to eat a little food after studying in class, and on the other hand, some in-service teachers want to have more channels and platforms to realize their own values. In the era of "internet plus", online learning has become an increasingly important way.

　　The reporter learned that the "Beijing Digital School" invested and operated by the Beijing Municipal Education Commission organized famous teachers to record "Cloud Classroom", covering all grades and disciplines of primary school, junior high school and senior high school. All students can log in and choose their own learning content, and teachers can also upload courses. In November last year, Beijing also issued the Open Online Tutoring Program for Middle School Teachers in Beijing (2016-2020), which stipulated that in addition to teachers at school, every student will also be equipped with free online teachers and enjoy the "double-qualified" service.

　　Li Yi, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission, said that unlike teachers’ paid tutoring and paid remedial classes, teachers’ open online tutoring is led by the government and aimed at all students. The purpose is to pay attention to the balance of education, introduce high-quality intellectual resources through the Internet, and let students have actual access, thus promoting the equalization of educational resources. To standardize teachers’ online teaching, industry insiders suggest that, first, relevant departments should make clear provisions on teachers’ participation in online teaching, establish a reasonable teacher identity supervision system, and further clarify the relationship between public school teachers and market education institutions. The second is to strengthen the management and guidance of commercial online education institutions to promote their formal development. Third, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of public online education platform and reflect public welfare.

　　"In the Internet age, education is also undergoing transformation. Traditional teaching methods have expanded the scope and content of classroom teaching with the help of Internet channels, so that quality educational resources can benefit more students. " Chu Zhaohui said that on the basis of professional research, teachers who are excellent and "have the ability to teach" should be selected to realize their value through legal and legal channels. We can also encourage good teachers to give lectures on the educational public welfare network platform through government purchase, so as to benefit the students.

Experts suggest that the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees should be revised in time to fully implement the paid annual leave system.

　　□ Our reporter Zhu Ningning

　　Near the Qingming holiday, many people have no plans to travel. Since this year’s Qingming holiday coincides with Wednesday, a short day has made many people give up the idea of going out for a holiday directly. In fact, in the past, the practice of "taking a break" to make up a small holiday also attracted many people to "spit", and related topics often rushed to hot search. Therefore, for a long time, there has been a constant call for implementing the paid annual leave system and realizing off-peak travel.

　　As early as 1994, China established the legal system of paid annual leave in the Labor Law. In 2008, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations), which clarified the rights of employees to paid annual leave in the form of the State Council Order. However, for a long time, the implementation of paid annual leave for employees in practice is worrying, especially the situation that employees in manufacturing enterprises enjoy paid annual leave is very unsatisfactory, and even becomes a "paper right".

　　"China is accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other. The new development pattern needs to establish an effective system to expand domestic demand and fully implement paid annual leave. " Wang Xianyong, a professor at the School of Civil and Commercial Economics of China University of Political Science and Law, pointed out in an interview with the reporter of Rule of Law Daily that speeding up the process of amending the law and amending the Regulations in a timely manner will provide legal protection for the paid annual leave to truly land and protect the rights of workers.

　　Many factors make it impossible to realize paid annual leave effectively.

　　According to a survey data of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, nearly half of the people did not enjoy paid annual leave. According to calculate length, a working employee, China’s per capita paid annual leave is about 10 days, but in fact, the per capita paid annual leave is only 6.29 days, and the employees in private enterprises are even less than 4 days. More than 72% of the employees in private enterprises have not fully enjoyed the Chinese New Year leave.

　　"The statutory obligation of the employer to take paid annual leave has been transformed into an alternative economic compensation obligation, which directly leads to the failure to realize paid annual leave." Analyzing the reasons for the difficulty in landing paid annual leave, Wang Xianyong believes that this is one of the main reasons.

　　According to the Regulations, if an employer fails to arrange annual leave or pay alternative economic compensation, the labor administrative department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit. If it fails to make corrections within the time limit, in addition to ordering the employer to pay annual leave salary, the employer shall also pay compensation to the workers according to the amount of annual leave salary. However, this provision is somewhat "deformed" in reality. In practice, it often happens that paid annual leave is equal to money compensation. Taking into account various factors such as enterprise benefits and labor shortage, some employers calculate the "economic account" and directly use compensation instead of giving employees a holiday, while some workers are willing to voluntarily give up paid annual leave and replace it with monetary compensation for overtime pay.

　　In addition, in Wang Xianyong’s view, the implementation mechanism of administrative intervention in labor disputes is difficult to achieve effectively, which is also an important reason why paid annual leave cannot be fully implemented.

　　"According to the regulations, the labor administrative department shall investigate the legal consequences of illegal acts through labor inspection. However, labor inspection alone cannot effectively implement the legal system of paid annual leave. " Wang Xianyong said, on the one hand, in the face of a large number of employers and all kinds of illegal acts within the scope of the labor law, labor inspection is often inadequate. On the other hand, because the supervision cost and litigation risk should be borne by the labor administrative department, it is easy to lead to the subjective reluctance of the labor administrative department to intervene in supervision, hoping that the workers can solve it through labor arbitration or litigation.

　　Give full play to the role of paid annual leave to promote the development of tourism market

　　"Better rest" is to "work better". Paid annual leave not only helps to safeguard the workers’ right to rest and vacation, but also improves their quality of life. In 2022, the National Federation of Trade Unions’ "Network Special Survey of Workers’ Quality of Life" data showed that nearly 60% of workers thought that "more leisure time and richer spiritual and cultural life" was the main embodiment of the quality of life, ranking second only to income.

　　At the same time, off-peak vacations can also ease holiday traffic congestion and further stimulate tourism consumption. According to a survey, 76.31% of employees in manufacturing enterprises want to travel, read, watch exhibitions or watch movies during their leisure time due to their high work intensity, and increase spending on cultural and leisure activities in the future.

　　In 2015, "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Building Harmonious Labor Relations" regards the implementation of paid annual leave as an important task in building harmonious labor relations with China characteristics. In December 2019, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other nine departments jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Improving the Holiday Travel Environment and Promoting Tourism Consumption", proposing to intensify efforts to implement paid vacations for employees and promote off-peak travel. The 14th Five-Year Plan clearly proposes to improve the holiday system and fully implement the paid vacation system.

　　"From a micro point of view, the implementation of paid vacation may affect the interests of enterprises, but from a macro point of view, the implementation of paid vacation is an important means to promote tourism recovery and promote consumption, and it is also an important method to solve the obvious high and low peaks of tourism and the unbalanced allocation of public service resources." Hu Bin, member of the Expert Committee on the Rule of Law of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and executive director of the zhejiang university city college Research Center on the Rule of Law of Culture and Tourism, believes that at present, the top-level design of the paid vacation system is basically available, and the key is to implement it. He suggested that the system should promote the docking of paid vacation with incentive tourism and welfare tourism, appropriately solve the worries of enterprises, and take the implementation of paid vacation as an important basis for enterprise rewards and punishments, credit and rating. At the same time, we should also promote the content of paid leave to be written into the labor format contract and enter the collective labor negotiation.

　　It is worth mentioning that during the two sessions of the National People’s Congress this year, many deputies paid attention to the issue of paid annual leave.

　　Wu Guoping, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of Wuxi Nianhuawan Cultural Investment Development Co., Ltd., proposed that the paid vacation system should be truly implemented, so as to fundamentally solve the problem of balance in the off-peak season and improve the satisfaction of tourists in the peak season.

　　Jiang Guangping, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, vice-chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and secretary of the Secretariat, suggested in the Proposal on Really Implementing the System of Paid Annual Leave that policies related to paid annual leave should be enforced, regulations on enterprises violating legal responsibilities should be improved, constraints on the implementation of annual leave should be strengthened, it is forbidden for enterprises to cancel employees’ annual leave by agreement unless there are special circumstances, and clear provisions should be made for cases where enterprises really cannot arrange employees’ annual leave due to work needs. At the same time, he suggested increasing the cost of illegal activities and appropriately raising the standard of administrative punishment for illegal activities. Strengthen the accountability of labor inspection departments, pay attention to the supervision function of trade unions, promptly punish enterprises and enterprise leaders who violate the provisions of paid annual leave for employees, and demand rectification within a time limit to effectively safeguard the rights and interests of employees.

　　It is suggested that the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees be revised in due course.

　　"The reason why employers want to give workers paid annual leave for a certain period of time is because annual leave is for workers to live ‘ The normal life that ordinary people should have ’ The minimum working conditions necessary to maintain the minimum living standard of workers. " Talking about why workers should be given paid annual leave for legal days, Wang Xianyong pointed out that paid annual leave has surpassed the private rights and interests of both employers and employees and entered the category of social public interest, which belongs to the scope of labor standards.

　　In his view, to fully implement paid annual leave, it is necessary to establish the principle of compulsory paid annual leave, change the current paid annual leave system model, and build an implementation mechanism for fully implementing paid annual leave.

　　"China’s current legal system of paid annual leave adopts the institutional model of confirming rights, setting alternative economic compensation obligations and administrative intervention in labor disputes. Under this model, whether the employer fails to fulfill its legal obligations in violation of the law or fulfills its legal obligations according to law, paid annual leave may not be effectively realized. " Wang Xianyong said. In view of this, he suggested that the "Regulations" should be revised in a timely manner, and the implementation mechanism of the right to paid annual leave with multiple comprehensive mechanisms should be established through the revision of the law.

　　Regarding the key points of amending the law, Wang Xianyong pointed out that, first, it is clear that paid annual leave has the dual attributes of labor standards and claims. The benchmark of paid annual leave is a compulsory public law obligation borne by the employer to the state. Implement the principle that paid annual leave must be taken, and establish an administrative law enforcement implementation mechanism for the benchmark of paid annual leave. Secondly, the disputes over paid annual leave between workers and employers return to labor disputes, including the disputes over annual leave requesting actual leave, annual leave requesting payment of annual leave salary and annual leave requesting payment of alternative monetary compensation. Third, the law can authorize the labor administrative department to intervene in the paid annual leave dispute through administrative mediation. Fourth, trade unions help workers realize their rights and interests of paid annual leave through representative mechanism and legal supervision mechanism.

　　Comics/Li Xiaojun　　

Cultural China travels thousands of degrees, and molten iron turns into stars.

Science and Technology Daily reporter Sun Yue

The red molten iron, hit by a flower stick, hit the high flower shed, igniting firecrackers and fireworks at the top of the shed. Several floors of iron flower rain bloomed in the night sky, molten iron fell to the ground, and golden flowers splashed everywhere. The silver flowers of the fire tree are dazzling, adding a touch of bright color to people’s evening life.

Tiehua in Queshan, Henan Province is known as "the best folk fireworks". This year’s Spring Festival, Tie Hua, a representative project of national intangible cultural heritage, boarded the Spring Festival Evening at the reception desk, bringing New Year’s greetings to the people of the whole country. "I hope that this will be an opportunity to let more people know about Queshan Tiehua and let people feel the’ Millennium charm’ that has never been left behind for a thousand years." Yang Jianjun, the representative inheritor of Queshan Tiehua, a national intangible cultural heritage, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter on February 23rd.

Romantic password at 1600℃

It is a folk cultural performance skill gradually developed by Chinese ancient craftsmen in the process of casting utensils. It began in the Northern Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has a history of more than a thousand years. During the performance, the craftsmen took turns to beat the hot molten iron in the flower sticks to the flower shed built in advance. For a time, the iron flowers with a height of more than ten meters burst into bloom, expressing people’s good wishes for peace and good weather.

Hot molten iron, how to turn into iron flowers all over the sky? Ma Dandan, a member of Queshan Women’s Tiehua Team, said that the hot metal for tiehua should be "thin but not scattered, thick but not sticky". Therefore, in addition to broken iron, lime, calcium carbonate, magnesium powder and other ingredients should be added appropriately in the iron melting furnace to maintain the proper consistency of molten iron.

While the iron is hot, it is the art of steel and strength, and the most important thing is to "hit"-hit the hot metal high and open it. If you fight high, the hot metal will not hurt the shirtless florist; When it is opened, the iron flower will bloom happily.

After the molten iron is melted, the florist pours the molten iron into the hole at one end of the performer’s "flower stick". During the performance, the flower-beater holds the "upper stick" in his left hand and the "lower stick" in his right hand, with a gourd ladle painted with Tai Chi on his head. He is topless and looks like a warrior incarnating strength and beauty in the splash of Mars.

"If you want the iron flower to be beautiful, the technique is the most important." Ma Dandan said that in the process of beating iron flowers, the three movements of scooping, throwing and hitting must be coherent and clean. In addition, the weight of molten iron scooped out must be less than 2 Liang, the throwing angle must be 90 degrees, and the throwing height cannot exceed the height of a person. Only when you hit it high enough and scattered enough, the iron flower will look good.

The temperature of hot metal is as high as 1600℃, so the performance of playing iron flower is usually carried out in cold winter. Even so, scattered iron flowers are still easy to cause burns. There is a jargon in the flower while the iron is hot-"white is not red", to the effect that the flower can only be produced when the molten iron is incandescent. The orange-red molten iron with low temperature is a lump when it is produced. If it accidentally falls on people, it can give the skin a "very hot".

In the face of danger, shirtless flower-beaters are not daring, just to better protect themselves. Striking iron flowers is a strenuous activity. Large-scale sports will make performers sweat a lot, which can be turned into a "amulet" for the flower-beater to take the iron beads that landed on their bodies away to prevent their bodies from being burned. If you wear clothes, scattered iron beads will soon cause burns once they fall on clothes.

Magnificent momentum makes people clap their hands.

"Spring is the preface, and everything is in harmony; Iron flowers bloom and prosperity is peaceful. This is a blessing and a kind of inheritance. " Yang Jianjun said, "When I was a child, I saw the iron flower, which was so shocking." After the founding of New China, Queshan County held only one iron flower-beating activity in 1956 and 1962, but it was interrupted afterwards. After 10 years’ visit, Yang Jianjun finally sorted out and revived "Queshan Tiehua".

In 2002, Queshan County had a bumper harvest in agriculture, and the county decided to organize a flower fight. This is the first time after the reform and opening up, the government has come forward to organize the blacksmith flower. Yang Jianjun designed and built a flower shed. The event attracted more than 100,000 people and achieved unprecedented success. Since then, Yang Jianjun has taken his own performance team to perform in Beijing, Tianjin and other places. This long-lost folk traditional fireworks, with its thrilling grandeur, made the audience clap their hands and exclaim.

Yang Jianjun said that in recent years, Tiehua was deeply loved by the masses, and gradually evolved from the initial sacrificial ceremony to a pure Tiehua fireworks display.

During the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, Queshan county, city and countryside will hold activities to beat iron flowers, which will make the rich flavor of the year more mellow in the splash of iron flowers.

In recent years, more and more young people have joined the ranks of non-genetic inheritance, and they have rejuvenated the ancient non-legacy skills with unique perspectives and innovative expressions. "It is indeed dangerous to play with iron flowers, but I am sincerely gratified to see those young people who really love the art of playing with iron flowers." Yang Jianjun said.

Today, Yang Jianjun has organized three teams with more than 30 disciples, including the first women’s Tiehua team in China, and Jiang Xunqian, a cultural heritage blogger with tens of millions of fans, is one of them. They often come up with some new ideas, and try to integrate modern pop elements into them on the basis of retaining the original skills of striking iron flowers.

"There must be someone to pass on and carry forward such a beautiful thing while the iron is hot. Why can’t that person be me?" Jiang Xunqian said.

With the participation of young people, Yang Jianjun also began to try to shoot short videos to share the blooming moment of Tiehua on the Internet, which attracted many young fans. Nowadays, every major festival, Queshan’s iron flower team will fly to all parts of the country to perform, so that this iron flower that has been passed down for thousands of years will bloom more brilliantly.