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　　At present, vocational school students, who are becoming a hot topic in the talent market, are criticized by many parties for their internship. A few vocational schools, under the banner of "school-enterprise cooperation", "work-study alternation" and "on-the-job internship", make students become cheap labor by various compulsory means. At the same time, many vocational school students practice "muddling along" and "learning passively". How should vocational school students "cross" during the transition period of entering the factory?

　　"Students only entered the school last year, all around the age of 16 or 17. After the school urged parents to pay tuition fees, they told the students to go to a factory in Zhejiang for an internship for 4 months." Recently, without prior notice and consent, a vocational school in Mianyang, Sichuan arranged for students to go to other provinces for internships in early September, which instantly made parents "explode". Although the school explained and adjusted the internship arrangement in time, the extensive social discussion triggered by this incident still added a "real hammer" to the social evaluation of the vocational education that is striving for progress.

　　At present, vocational school students, who are becoming a hot topic in the talent market, are criticized by many parties for their internship. On the one hand, the chaos of "cheap workers" and "selling heads" still exists in some vocational schools, resulting in the loss of students’ rights and interests and complaints from parents; On the one hand, some vocational school students have a negative mentality of "muddling along" and "learning passively" after entering the factory, which makes the school fall into an embarrassing situation of being in a dilemma and being puzzled by enterprises.

　　How should vocational school students "cross" during the transition period of entering the factory? "Internship should be’ reliable, but also reliable to practice’" has become a common voice heard by workers daily reporters in the process of multi-party interviews.

　　16-year-old students have to work 12 hours a day.

　　Just after paying the tuition fee of 9160 yuan to the children, I was told that on September 15th, the school would take the students away from Sichuan to practice in other provinces. I not only had to work 12 hours a day, but also took the night shift, and the internship position was not in line with my major … Less than a week after the start of school, Ms. Zhao’s words were filled with anger when she talked about the arrangement of the children who were studying in the second year of vocational school. "I’m still a 16-year-old student, and I haven’t learned much professional knowledge. How can I do it?"

　　The reporter found that the vocational school involved mentioned by Zhao Nvshi was repeatedly appealed to public opinion in recent years because of students’ internships, and some of them broke the news that they threatened students to participate in internships with their diplomas. However, the school has always insisted that the internship fully complies with the students’ voluntary. In the recent turmoil, the school stated that "students can also find their own internships in enterprises, and for night shifts, they will communicate with enterprises according to the actual situation of students and make adjustments."

　　Vocational education can not be separated from practice in a vast world. It is particularly important for vocational school students to practice in actual jobs and combine what they have learned in class with their work practice. As early as April 2016, the Ministry of Education and other five departments jointly issued the "Regulations on the Management of Students’ Internship in Vocational Schools", which set the bottom line for internships in a targeted manner; In 2021, eight departments, including the Ministry of Education, revised this regulation again, marking one "no" and 27 "no" as internships. However, from the reality, it seems that it is still difficult to effectively ban the "student workers" chaos.

　　"Although it is a very small number of vocational school behaviors, it has a very bad impact on the overall development of vocational education." During the interview with the reporter of Workers Daily, many vocational school enrollment and employment leaders said that under the banner of "school-enterprise cooperation", "work-study alternation" and "on-the-job internship", students were made into cheap labor by various compulsory means, which not only violated the rights and interests of interns, affected their employment outlook, but also made more parents afraid of their children’s vocational education choices.

　　Critical "warm-up" period in the workplace

　　"Internship in an enterprise is a key’ warm-up’ period for vocational school students. In the final analysis, the school is the most critical’ gatekeeper’." Chengdu Communications Senior Technical School has been established for more than 40 years, and is currently cooperating with Chengdu Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd.. In recent years, relying on the superior resources of state-owned enterprises, the school has actively explored a new model of "state-owned enterprises building a platform and integrating production and education" to effectively open up the "last mile" of vocational education and industrial demand.

　　"High-quality internship is related to the quality and image of vocational education." The relevant person in charge of the school said that through the construction of off-campus training bases and the development of professional training courses, the teaching content and teaching methods were optimized, which not only met the actual employment needs of enterprises, but also escorted the internship work of students. Up to now, the school has accumulated more than 4,000 high-skilled talents in the field of rail transit for the first line of operation.

　　"After eight months of internship, I quickly realized the role change after I officially entered the job." At present, opening order classes has become a common practice in vocational schools, and Tian Dandan, a graduate of 2019 power distribution class in Chengdu Communications Senior Technical School, is one of the beneficiaries. As the only order class of power distribution specialty in the school year, during the internship last year, all 21 students entered the first-line internship of their counterparts, and each student was given one-on-one guidance by Fu, a senior engineer where a shift was located.

　　"The updating iteration of power distribution professional equipment is fast, and book knowledge will lag behind the actual situation of the production line. Internship is an important buffer period for combining theoretical digestion with practice." Tian Dandan feels particularly lucky that the order class has high-quality internship guarantee. From entering the real working environment for the first time, to listening to the on-site teaching at close range for the first time, and then earnestly completing the practical tasks assigned by the instructor, Tian Dandan can feel his subtle progress every day, whether it is psychological or ability level, which is getting closer and closer to the job requirements. After the internship expired, she was assigned to the Bailianchi Operation Monitoring Workshop of Chengdu Metro Operation Co., Ltd. for trial use. "It is still in the inspection period, but I am confident that the customs clearance will be successful."

　　There is also a vast world in entering the factory.

　　Carry out flood control inspection, fire control inspection, replace the fire extinguisher seal, and clean the equipment … In fact, due to the particularity of power distribution work, Tian Dandan can only do some very single auxiliary work during her internship, which involves the troubleshooting of related equipment, and looks from a distance at the designated location. However, due to her diligence and hard work, she is highly appreciated by the master, and she "sees" the doorway little by little and learns the skills.

　　"We all cherish the’ reliable’ interns." After graduating from vocational school for more than ten years, Yang Jianlin, the process director (program) of the technical center of Chengdu Ruixue Fengtai Precision Electronics Co., Ltd., has gradually moved from the grass-roots level to the management post, and has also grown from a former apprentice to a master of others, and has also really felt the change of the internship atmosphere of vocational school students. "In the past, we begged the master to teach us, but now we are begging the students to study hard."

　　"Training is not a trial, but a teacher to teach experience. Many things can’t be learned in school, but they can only be taught by hand, but not all students will take it seriously." Yang Jianlin told reporters that junior positions in enterprises often don’t get higher salaries, so even if enterprises and schools have established cooperation projects, it is a reality that they can’t keep people. "Some vocational school interns’ muddle along’ and’ learn passively’ in order to complete their training and get their diplomas".

　　"It is obviously not long to avoid’ heavy’ and’ light’. It is a lifelong career development path to gain a skill through job training." Yang Jianlin said that it has become a national strategy to develop vocational education and cultivate artisans in big countries. Many policies such as further education, certification and conversion of skill levels are leaning towards vocational school students, and there is a broad world to look forward to when they enter the factory. I hope this can be further recognized at the social level. (Reporter Li Na)

　　On May 7, Putin was sworn in as President of the Russian Federation for the fourth time. This has brought Russia-US relations at the freezing point into the era of "Putin 4.0". Economic sanctions, military containment, and regional games have become an unavoidable whirlpool in Russia-US relations. Some analysts said that in the short to medium term, Russia-US relations are hard to surprise and may even continue to deteriorate.

　　The next six years will be a great test for Putin and Russia in charge. Can this big ship named "Russia", with Putin at the helm, break the ice between Russia and the United States and realize the rhetoric of "give me 20 years and return you a strong Russia"? Putin gave a tough guy’s answer: now Russia is like a phoenix reborn from nirvana. Nothing will prevent Russia from determining its own future, and no one can stop the "Russian" ship from moving forward. Self-reliance is the last word.

　　Moscow, May 7, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks at the inauguration ceremony held in Moscow Kremlin.

　　In the face of the US "sanctions storm", Russia concentrates on practicing its internal strength and regards economic development as its core driving force.

　　Since the Ukrainian crisis in 2014, the United States and Europe have successively imposed economic sanctions on Russia. Especially since US President Trump took office in 2017, he has set off a series of "sanctions storms" against Russia. Western sanctions have made the external environment for Russia to achieve its own development and breakthrough more and more severe.

　　Under the circumstance that "sanctions" seem to have become the background color of Russia’s relations with the United States and Europe, how Russia uses its existing resource advantages to solve the most urgent internal development problems is a major problem that Putin will continue to solve in his new term. At present, although the Russian economy has improved slightly, it still faces great challenges.

　　In his inaugural speech, Putin pointed out that it is necessary to develop the economy, pay attention to internal affairs and people’s livelihood, and honor pre-election promises. For example, to implement reform measures, activate economic vitality and achieve economic and technological breakthroughs, especially to enhance Russia’s competitiveness in key areas, increase investment in infrastructure construction, accelerate the introduction of digital technology, promote urban and rural modernization, and improve social welfare.

　　Alexei Mu Xin, director of the Russian Political Information Center, believes that the conflict between Russia and the United States is an economic conflict, not a war conflict, and both sides have suffered certain losses. He said that since the Ukrainian crisis, the United States has used sanctions to try to launch an economic "blitzkrieg" against Russia, expecting Russia to be soft under sanctions and comprehensive pressure and accept American conditions. Facts have proved that the American attempt has failed.

　　In response to the US military containment, Russia "shows muscles" strongly, but it has not given up the dialogue channel.

　　Almost at the same time that Putin began his fourth presidential term, US Naval Operations Secretary John Richardson said on the 4th that he would restart the US Navy’s Second Fleet, which was dissolved in 2011, in order to curb the expansion of Russian maritime power and deal with Russia’s security threats.

　　In fact, Russia’s military ability to resist foreign aggression is relatively strong. It has more resources to exert its military power and arouse the fear of the other side than to confront the United States and Europe economically and diplomatically, and it is relatively easy.

　　Putin’s State of the Union address this year showed a series of Russian latest military scientific and technological achievements in a long space, which not only shocked the United States, but also shouted to western countries that its economic sanctions and military containment against Russia "didn’t work".

　　Curtov, editor-in-chief of Russia’s National Strategic Issues magazine, said that in view of the fact that the United States regards Russia as its main strategic competitor, its policy toward Russia is becoming increasingly tough, and it is engaged in political and military confrontation with Russia, as well as the development of the situation in Syria, in order to cope with this situation, Russia may spend huge sums of money on national defense. Curtov said that although Russia has made great achievements in the fields of aviation, space and weapons, it has not developed enough in the fields of electronic information, which makes it impossible for Russia to win quickly and with little damage in the face of military conflicts. Moreover, in the short to medium term, such conflicts between Russia and the United States will continue.

　　In 2010, Russia and the United States signed a new version of the Treaty on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, which set a new upper limit for the strategic nuclear weapons of the two countries. The treaty came into force in February of the following year and is valid for 10 years. Mu Xin believes that the further development of the Russian-American conflict may lead to the failure of the negotiations on updating this treaty.

　　Russia is also actively seeking dialogue in the face of the US’s artificial hostility towards Russia. Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov said on May 3, 2018 that if the United States can match its words and deeds on some issues, then Russia is willing to negotiate with the United States on the arms race and other global challenges.

　　In regional conflicts and great power games, Russia has actively carried out multilateral diplomacy and demonstrated its geopolitical ambitions.

　　In recent years, the practice of international affairs has proved that the handling or solution of some international problems cannot be separated from Russia’s active participation. Washington post said that Putin’s foreign policy reflected the rising geopolitical ambition of Russia. In addition, according to the latest poll released by Russia on the 7th, most Russian citizens believe that Putin’s main achievement is to restore Russia’s status as a great power.

　　Mu Xin believes that despite the constant regional game between Russia and the United States, Russia-US relations are unlikely to change in the short term, but Russia has made significant changes in other diplomatic directions and actively enhanced its influence. In Europe, Russia will work closely with some European countries including Germany. He believes that different from the attitude of most NATO members towards Russia, some European countries prefer a moderate policy of "looking north", so Russia will resume and strengthen contacts with these countries.

　　In the Middle East, Russia may strengthen its ties with Israel. As an important participant in Middle East affairs, and with the help of close cooperation with Iran, Russia can play a role as a link between Iran and Israel. Around the conflict between the Iranian nuclear deal and the United States, Israel and Iran, Russia can mediate and avoid the escalation of the conflict between the two sides.

　　In East Asia, Russia will further strengthen cooperation with China. At the same time, strengthen contacts and business contacts with Japan, South Korea and Vietnam. Relations with India and Indonesia are also an important part of Russia’s Asian policy, and strengthening cooperation with eastern countries may be one of the characteristics of Russia’s foreign policy in the next few years.

　　The next six years will not be easy for Putin and his team. However, as Putin emphasized, a difficult test is a springboard and a brand-new starting point for Russia’s development.

　　(Compilation: Wang Yinuo’s written materials come from: Xinhuanet, People’s Daily, Reference News, Global Times, Zhongxin.com, Overseas Network, etc.)

(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Tenth the NPC Standing Committee on October 28th, 2003, the first amendment was made in accordance with the Decision on Amending the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety of the 31st Session of the Tenth the NPC Standing Committee on December 29th, 2007, and revised in accordance with the Decision on Amending the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on April 22nd, 2011. The second amendment to the Road Traffic Safety Law is based on the Decision on Amending the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China and other eight laws of the 28th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on April 29th, 2021).

catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Vehicles and Drivers

　　Section 1 Motor Vehicles and Non-motor Vehicles

　　Section 2 Motor Vehicle Drivers

　　Chapter III Road Traffic Conditions

　　Chapter IV Road Traffic Regulations

　　Section 1 General Provisions

　　Section 2 Provisions on Traffic of Motor Vehicles

　　Section 3 Provisions on Traffic of Non-motor Vehicles

　　Section 4 Pedestrian and Passenger Traffic Regulations

　　Section 5 Special Provisions on Expressway

　　Chapter V Handling of Traffic Accidents

　　Chapter VI Law Enforcement Supervision

　　Chapter VII Legal Liability

　　Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purpose of maintaining road traffic order, preventing and reducing traffic accidents, protecting personal safety, protecting the property safety and other legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and improving traffic efficiency.

　　Article 2 Vehicle drivers, pedestrians, passengers and units and individuals related to road traffic activities in People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall abide by this Law.

　　Article 3 Road traffic safety work shall follow the principle of management according to law and convenience for the masses, and ensure orderly, safe and smooth road traffic.

　　Article 4 People’s governments at all levels shall ensure that road traffic safety management is compatible with economic construction and social development.

　　Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall adapt to the needs of road traffic development, formulate road traffic safety management plans according to road traffic safety laws, regulations and relevant state policies, and organize their implementation.

　　Fifth the State Council public security department is responsible for the national road traffic safety management. The traffic administrative departments of public security organs of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the management of road traffic safety within their respective administrative areas.

　　The transportation and construction management departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the relevant road traffic work according to their respective responsibilities.

　　Article 6 People’s governments at all levels shall regularly carry out road traffic safety education to improve citizens’ awareness of road traffic safety.

　　When performing their duties, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ and its traffic police shall strengthen the publicity of road traffic safety laws and regulations, and abide by them as an example.

　　State organs, military units, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and other organizations shall educate their personnel on road traffic safety.

　　Education administrative departments and schools should incorporate road traffic safety education into the content of legal education.

　　The news, publishing, radio, television and other relevant units have the obligation to carry out road traffic safety education.

　　Seventh of the road traffic safety management, we should strengthen scientific research, promotion and use of advanced management methods, technologies and equipment.

Chapter II Vehicles and Drivers

　　Section 1 Motor Vehicles and Non-motor Vehicles

　　Article 8 The State implements a registration system for motor vehicles. Motor vehicles can only be driven on the road after being registered by the traffic management department of the public security organ. If a motor vehicle that has not been registered needs to travel on the road temporarily, it shall obtain a temporary pass license.

　　Article 9 To apply for motor vehicle registration, the following certificates and vouchers shall be submitted:

　　(a) the identity certificate of the owner of the motor vehicle;

　　(2) Proof of the origin of the motor vehicle;

　　(3) The certificate of factory qualification of the whole motor vehicle or the import certificate of the imported motor vehicle;

　　(four) the tax payment certificate or tax exemption certificate of vehicle purchase tax;

　　(5) Other certificates and vouchers required by laws and administrative regulations to be submitted at the time of motor vehicle registration.

　　The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall complete the examination of motor vehicle registration within five working days from the date of accepting the application, and shall issue the motor vehicle registration certificate, license plate and driving license to those who meet the conditions specified in the preceding paragraph; If the applicant does not meet the requirements specified in the preceding paragraph, it shall explain to the applicant the reasons for not registering.

　　No unit or individual other than the traffic administrative department of the public security organ may issue motor vehicle number plates or require motor vehicles to hang other number plates, except as otherwise provided in this Law.

　　The style of motor vehicle registration certificate, license plate and driving license shall be stipulated and supervised by the public security department of the State Council.

　　Article 10 A motor vehicle approved for registration shall meet the national technical standards for motor vehicle safety. When applying for motor vehicle registration, it shall accept the safety technical inspection of the motor vehicle. However, if the new car of a motor vehicle model produced by an enterprise recognized by the national department in charge of motor vehicle products according to the national safety technical standards for motor vehicles meets the national safety technical standards for motor vehicles and obtains the inspection certificate, it shall be exempted from safety technical inspection.

　　Article 11 When driving a motor vehicle on the road, the motor vehicle number plate shall be hung, inspection marks and insurance marks shall be placed, and the motor vehicle driving license shall be carried with the vehicle.

　　Motor vehicle number plates shall be hung in accordance with the regulations and kept clear and complete, and shall not be intentionally obscured or defaced.

　　No unit or individual may confiscate or detain the motor vehicle license plate.

　　Twelfth in any of the following circumstances, the corresponding registration shall be handled:

　　(1) The ownership of the motor vehicle is transferred;

　　(2) The contents of motor vehicle registration are changed;

　　(3) Motor vehicles are used as collateral;

　　(4) The motor vehicle is scrapped.

　　Thirteenth of the registered motor vehicles on the road, should be in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, according to the purpose of the vehicle, the number of passengers and cargo, service life and other different conditions, regular safety and technical inspection. To provide motor vehicle driving license and motor vehicle third-party liability compulsory insurance policy, motor vehicle safety and technical inspection institutions shall conduct inspection, and no unit may attach other conditions. To meet the national technical standards for motor vehicle safety, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall issue inspection marks.

　　Socialization of safety technical inspection of motor vehicles. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Where the technical inspection of motor vehicle safety is socialized, no unit may require motor vehicles to go to designated places for inspection.

　　The traffic administrative department of the public security organ and the motor vehicle safety technical inspection institution shall not require motor vehicles to go to designated places for repair and maintenance.

　　Motor vehicle safety and technical inspection institutions shall charge fees for motor vehicle inspection, and shall strictly implement the charging standards approved by the competent price department of the State Council.

　　Article 14 The state implements a compulsory scrapping system for motor vehicles, and sets different scrapping standards according to the safety and technical conditions and different uses of motor vehicles.

　　Motor vehicles that should be scrapped must be cancelled in time.

　　Motor vehicles that meet the scrapping standards are not allowed to drive on the road. Scrapped large passenger cars, trucks and other operating vehicles shall be disintegrated under the supervision of the traffic management department of the public security organ.

　　Fifteenth police cars, fire engines, ambulances, engineering rescue vehicles should be in accordance with the provisions of spraying logo patterns, installation of sirens, sign lamps. Other motor vehicles are not allowed to spray, install or use logo patterns, sirens or sign lamps dedicated to or similar to the above-mentioned vehicles.

　　Police cars, fire engines, ambulances and engineering rescue vehicles shall be used in strict accordance with the prescribed purposes and conditions.

　　Special vehicles for highway supervision and inspection shall be equipped with unified signs and warning lights in accordance with the provisions of the Highway Law.

　　Article 16 No unit or individual may commit any of the following acts:

　　(a) assembling a motor vehicle or changing the registered structure, structure or characteristics of a motor vehicle without authorization;

　　(2) Changing the model, engine number, frame number or vehicle identification code of a motor vehicle;

　　(3) Forging, altering or using forged or altered motor vehicle registration certificates, number plates, driving licenses, inspection conformity marks and insurance marks;

　　(four) the use of other motor vehicle registration certificate, license plate, driving license, inspection marks, insurance marks.

　　Article 17 The State implements a compulsory motor vehicle third-party liability insurance system and establishes a social assistance fund for road traffic accidents. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 18 Non-motor vehicles that should be registered according to law can only drive on the road after being registered by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ.

　　The types of non-motor vehicles that should be registered according to law shall be stipulated by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government according to local actual conditions.

　　The dimensions, mass, brakes, bells and night reflective devices of non-motor vehicles shall meet the technical standards for safety of non-motor vehicles.

　　Section 2 Motor Vehicle Drivers

　　Nineteenth driving a motor vehicle, should obtain a motor vehicle driver’s license according to law.

　　To apply for a motor vehicle driver’s license, it shall meet the driving license conditions stipulated by the public security department of the State Council; After passing the examination, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall issue a motor vehicle driver’s license of the corresponding category.

　　A person who holds an overseas motor vehicle driver’s license meets the driving license requirements stipulated by the public security department of the State Council, and can be issued a motor vehicle driver’s license to China after passing the examination by the traffic management department of the public security organ.

　　The driver shall drive the motor vehicle according to the quasi-driving type specified in the driver’s license; When driving a motor vehicle, you should carry a motor vehicle driving license with you.

　　No unit or individual other than the traffic administrative department of the public security organ may confiscate or detain the motor vehicle driving license.

　　Article 20 The driving training of motor vehicles shall be socialized, and the competent department of transportation shall put on record the management of driving training schools and driving training courses, and strengthen the supervision of driving training activities, among which the specialized tractor driving training schools and driving training courses shall be supervised and managed by the competent department of agriculture (agricultural machinery).

　　Driving training schools and driving training classes shall, in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, train students in road traffic safety laws, regulations and driving skills to ensure the quality of training.

　　No state organ or competent department of driving training and examination may hold or participate in holding driving training schools or driving training courses.

　　Twenty-first drivers should carefully check the safety and technical performance of motor vehicles before driving them on the road; Do not drive a motor vehicle with potential safety hazards such as incomplete safety facilities or parts that do not meet technical standards.

　　Twenty-second motor vehicle drivers should abide by the provisions of laws and regulations on road traffic safety, and drive safely and civilized in accordance with operating norms.

　　Drinking alcohol, taking psychotropic drugs or narcotic drugs controlled by the state, or suffering from diseases that hinder safe driving of motor vehicles, or excessive fatigue affects safe driving, are not allowed to drive motor vehicles.

　　No one shall force, instigate or condone the driver to drive a motor vehicle in violation of the laws and regulations on road traffic safety and the requirements for safe driving of motor vehicles.

　　Article 23 The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, examine and verify the motor vehicle driving license on a regular basis.

　　Twenty-fourth traffic management departments of public security organs shall, in addition to giving administrative punishment according to law, implement a cumulative scoring system for motor vehicle drivers who violate road traffic safety laws and regulations. The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall detain the motor vehicle driver’s license for the motor vehicle driver whose cumulative score reaches the specified score, educate him on road traffic safety laws and regulations, and re-test; Those who pass the examination will be returned with their motor vehicle driver’s license.

　　Motor vehicle drivers who abide by road traffic safety laws and regulations and have no accumulated points within one year may extend the examination period of motor vehicle driving licenses. The specific measures shall be formulated by the public security department of the State Council.

Chapter III Road Traffic Conditions

　　Article 25 Unified road traffic signals shall be implemented throughout the country.

　　Traffic signals include traffic lights, traffic signs, traffic markings and the command of traffic police.

　　The setting of traffic lights, traffic signs and traffic markings shall conform to the requirements of road traffic safety and smoothness and national standards, and shall be clear, eye-catching, accurate and intact.

　　According to the needs of traffic, road traffic signals should be added, replaced and updated in time. The addition, replacement and updating of restrictive road traffic signals shall be announced to the public in advance and widely publicized.

　　Twenty-sixth traffic lights are composed of red light, green light and yellow light. Red light means no passage, green light means permission, and yellow light means warning.

　　Article 27 Warning lights, warning signs or safety protection facilities shall be set up at intersections where railways and roads cross. Warning signs shall be set at a certain distance from the unattended railway crossing.

　　Article 28 No unit or individual may set up, move, occupy or damage traffic lights, traffic signs and traffic markings without authorization.

　　Trees or other plants planted on both sides of the road and the isolation belt, billboards, pipelines, etc., shall keep a necessary distance from traffic facilities, and shall not block street lamps, traffic lights, traffic signs, hinder the safe sight distance, or affect traffic.

　　Article 29 The planning, design and construction of roads, parking lots and road supporting facilities shall meet the requirements of safe and smooth road traffic, and be adjusted in time according to the traffic demand.

　　The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall report to the local people’s government in time if it finds that there are frequent traffic accidents on the roads that have been put into use, or there are serious traffic safety hazards in parking lots and road supporting facilities, and put forward suggestions to prevent traffic accidents and eliminate hidden dangers, and the local people’s government shall make a decision in time.

　　Article 30 Where roads are damaged by collapse, potholes, water damage and uplift, or traffic facilities such as traffic lights, traffic signs and traffic markings are damaged or lost, the maintenance department or management department of roads and traffic facilities shall set warning signs and repair them in time.

　　If the traffic management department of the public security organ finds that the situation mentioned in the preceding paragraph endangers traffic safety and has not set up warning signs, it shall take timely safety measures to divert traffic and notify the maintenance department or management department of roads and traffic facilities.

　　Thirty-first without permission, no unit or individual may occupy the road to engage in non-traffic activities.

　　Thirty-second due to the need of engineering construction, occupy or dig roads, or cross roads, erect or add pipeline facilities, it shall obtain the consent of the competent department of roads in advance; If traffic safety is affected, the consent of the traffic management department of the public security organ shall also be obtained.

　　The construction unit shall carry out the construction work within the approved road section and time, and set up obvious safety warning signs at a safe distance from the construction site in the direction of incoming vehicles, and take protective measures; After the completion of the construction work, the obstacles on the road should be quickly removed to eliminate potential safety hazards, and the traffic can be resumed only after the road authorities and the traffic management department of the public security organ have passed the acceptance and met the traffic requirements.

　　The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall strengthen the supervision and inspection of traffic safety and maintain the road traffic order for the construction roads without interruption of traffic.

　　Thirty-third new construction, renovation and expansion of public buildings, commercial blocks, residential areas, large (medium) buildings, etc., should be equipped with construction, additional parking lots; If the parking space is insufficient, it shall be rebuilt or expanded in time; The parking lot put into use shall not be stopped or used for other purposes without authorization.

　　Within the scope of urban roads, the relevant government departments can delimit parking spaces without affecting the passage of pedestrians and vehicles.

　　Thirty-fourth schools, kindergartens, hospitals, nursing homes in front of the road without pedestrian crossing facilities, should be zoned crosswalk, set up signs.

　　The sidewalks of major urban roads shall be provided with blind roads in accordance with the planning. The setting of blind roads shall conform to the national standards.

Chapter IV Road Traffic Regulations

　　Section 1 General Provisions

　　Thirty-fifth motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles are allowed to pass on the right.

　　Thirty-sixth according to the road conditions and traffic needs, roads are divided into motor vehicle lanes, non-motor vehicle lanes and sidewalks, and motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians are divided into lanes. Without dividing motor vehicle lanes, non-motor vehicle lanes and sidewalks, motor vehicles pass in the middle of the road, and non-motor vehicles and pedestrians pass on both sides of the road.

　　Thirty-seventh roads with special lanes, in the special lanes, only the specified vehicles are allowed to pass, and other vehicles are not allowed to enter the special lanes.

　　Thirty-eighth vehicles and pedestrians should follow the traffic signals; In case of on-site command by the traffic police, it shall pass according to the command of the traffic police; On roads without traffic signals, traffic should be ensured under the principle of safety and smoothness.

　　Article 39 The traffic administrative department of the public security organ may, according to the specific conditions of roads and traffic flows, take measures such as diverting, restricting traffic and prohibiting traffic for motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians. In case of large-scale mass activities, large-scale construction, etc., it is necessary to take measures to restrict traffic, or make decisions directly related to public road traffic activities, which should be announced to the public in advance.

　　Fortieth in case of natural disasters, bad weather conditions or major traffic accidents, it is difficult to ensure traffic safety by taking other measures, the traffic management department of the public security organ may implement traffic control.

　　Article 41 Other specific provisions on road traffic shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Section 2 Provisions on Traffic of Motor Vehicles

　　Forty-second motor vehicles on the road, shall not exceed the maximum speed indicated by the speed limit sign. In the section where there is no speed limit sign, you should maintain a safe speed.

　　Driving at night or on dangerous road sections, and in case of meteorological conditions such as dust, hail, rain, snow, fog and ice, the driving speed should be reduced.

　　Forty-third motor vehicles driving in the same lane, the rear car should keep a safe distance from the front car enough to take emergency braking measures. In any of the following circumstances, overtaking is not allowed:

　　(a) the preceding vehicle is turning left, turning around and overtaking;

　　(2) It is possible to meet the oncoming car;

　　(3) The preceding vehicle is a police car, a fire truck, an ambulance or an engineering rescue vehicle performing an emergency task;

　　(4) Passing through railway crossings, intersections, narrow bridges, bends, steep slopes, tunnels, crosswalks, urban traffic sections and other sections without overtaking conditions.

　　Forty-fourth motor vehicles passing through intersections shall pass according to traffic lights, traffic signs, traffic markings or the command of traffic police; When crossing an intersection without traffic lights, traffic signs, traffic markings or traffic police command, you should slow down and let pedestrians and vehicles with priority pass first.

　　Article 45 When a motor vehicle stops in front of it and waits in line or drives slowly, it is not allowed to overtake or occupy the opposite lane by road, and it is not allowed to insert the waiting vehicles.

　　When stopping at a road section or intersection with fewer lanes, or at an intersection without traffic lights, traffic signs, traffic markings or traffic police command, the motor vehicles should pass alternately in turn.

　　Article 46 When a motor vehicle passes a railway crossing, it shall pass according to the traffic signal or the command of the management personnel. If there are no traffic signals or managers, they should slow down or stop and pass after confirming safety.

　　Forty-seventh motor vehicles should slow down when passing through the crosswalk; When pedestrians are crossing the crosswalk, they should stop and make way.

　　When a motor vehicle passes a road without traffic signals, it should avoid pedestrians crossing the road.

　　Forty-eighth motor vehicles should meet the approved load, and overloading is strictly prohibited; The length, width and height of the load shall not violate the loading requirements, and the load shall not be spilled or scattered.

　　Where a motor vehicle carries over-limit articles that cannot be disassembled, which affects traffic safety, it shall drive at the time, route and speed specified by the traffic management department of the public security organ and hang obvious signs. Carrying over-limit articles that cannot be disassembled on highways shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Highway Law.

　　Motor vehicles carrying explosives, inflammable and explosive chemicals and toxic and radioactive dangerous goods shall, after being approved by the public security organs, run at the specified time, route and speed, hang warning signs and take necessary safety measures.

　　Forty-ninth motor vehicles shall not carry more people than the approved number, and passenger motor vehicles shall not carry goods in violation of regulations.

　　Article 50 Freight motor vehicles are prohibited from carrying passengers.

　　If a freight motor vehicle needs to be loaded with operators, it shall set up safety measures to protect the operators.

　　Article 51 When a motor vehicle is running, drivers and passengers should use seat belts according to regulations, and motorcycle drivers and passengers should wear safety helmets according to regulations.

　　Article 52 When a motor vehicle breaks down on the road and needs to be stopped for troubleshooting, the driver should immediately turn on the danger warning flash and move the motor vehicle to a place where traffic is not obstructed. If it is difficult to move, the hazard warning flash should be turned on continuously, and measures such as setting warning signs in the direction of the incoming car should be taken to expand the warning distance, and if necessary, the alarm should be given quickly.

　　Fifty-third police cars, fire engines, ambulances and engineering rescue vehicles can use alarms and sign lamps when performing emergency tasks; On the premise of ensuring safety, other vehicles and pedestrians should give way without being restricted by driving route, driving direction, driving speed and traffic lights.

　　Police cars, fire engines, ambulances and engineering rescue vehicles are not allowed to use sirens and sign lamps when they are not performing emergency tasks, and they do not enjoy the priority right of way stipulated in the preceding paragraph.

　　Article 54 When carrying out operations, road maintenance vehicles and engineering vehicles shall not affect the traffic of passing vehicles, and their driving routes and directions shall not be restricted by traffic signs and markings, and passing vehicles and personnel shall pay attention to avoiding them.

　　Sprinklers, sweepers and other motor vehicles shall operate in accordance with safety operation standards; Under the condition of not affecting the traffic of other vehicles, you can not be restricted by vehicle lane separation, but you can not drive in the opposite direction.

　　Fifty-fifth highways, roads in the central city of large and medium-sized cities, tractors are prohibited from passing. Other roads where tractors are prohibited shall be stipulated by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government according to local actual conditions.

　　Tractors may be engaged in freight transportation on roads where tractors are allowed to pass, but they shall not be used for carrying people.

　　Fifty-sixth motor vehicles should be parked at the prescribed places. It is forbidden to park motor vehicles on the sidewalk; However, parking spaces designated in accordance with the provisions of Article 33 of this Law are excluded.

　　Temporary parking on the road shall not hinder the passage of other vehicles and pedestrians.

　　Section 3 Provisions on Traffic of Non-motor Vehicles

　　Fifty-seventh driving a non-motor vehicle on the road should abide by the relevant provisions on traffic safety. Non-motor vehicles should drive in non-motor vehicle lanes; On the road without non-motor vehicle lanes, you should drive on the right side of the roadway.

　　Fifty-eighth disabled wheelchairs, electric bicycles in non-motor vehicle lanes, the maximum speed shall not exceed fifteen kilometers.

　　Article 59 Non-motor vehicles shall be parked at the specified places. If there is no parking place, non-motor vehicle parking shall not hinder the passage of other vehicles and pedestrians.

　　Article 60 tame livestock should be used to control animal-drawn vehicles; When driving an animal-drawn vehicle to cross the road, the driver should get off and tow the livestock; When the driver leaves the vehicle, he should tie the livestock.

　　Section 4 Pedestrian and Passenger Traffic Regulations

　　Article 61 Pedestrians should walk on sidewalks, and those without sidewalks should walk by the roadside.

　　Article 62 Pedestrians crossing intersections or roads should take crosswalks or crossing facilities. When crossing a crosswalk with traffic lights, you should follow the traffic lights; When crossing a road without traffic lights or crosswalks, or crossing a road at a section without crossing facilities, you should pass after confirming safety.

　　Sixty-third pedestrians are not allowed to cross, lean on road isolation facilities, and are not allowed to pick up cars, forcibly stop cars or commit other acts that hinder road traffic safety.

　　Article 64 Preschool children, mentally ill people and mentally handicapped people who can’t recognize or control their own behavior should be led by their guardians, people entrusted by their guardians or people who are responsible for their management and protection.

　　When the blind pass on the road, they should use a blind stick or take other means to guide the blind, and vehicles should avoid the blind.

　　Article 65 When passing a railway crossing, pedestrians should follow the traffic signal or the command of the management personnel. If there are no traffic signals and management personnel, they should pass quickly after confirming that there is no train approaching.

　　Sixty-sixth passengers are not allowed to carry inflammable and explosive dangerous goods, not to throw things outside the car, and not to have behaviors that affect the driver’s safe driving.

　　Section 5 Special Provisions on Expressway

　　Article 67 Pedestrians, non-motor vehicles, tractors, wheeled special-purpose mechanical vehicles, articulated passenger cars, all-trailer trucks and other motor vehicles with a designed maximum speed of less than 70 kilometers per hour are not allowed to enter the expressway. The maximum speed indicated by the speed limit sign on the expressway shall not exceed 120 kilometers per hour.

　　Article 68 When a motor vehicle breaks down on an expressway, it shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article 52 of this Law. However, the warning sign should be set 150 meters away from the direction of the faulty car, and the people on board should be quickly transferred to the right shoulder or emergency lane, and alarm should be given quickly.

　　If a motor vehicle fails or has a traffic accident on the expressway and cannot run normally, it shall be towed and towed by a rescue vehicle and a wrecker.

　　Article 69. No unit or individual may stop and check the running vehicles on the expressway, except that the people’s police of public security organs perform emergency duties according to law.

Chapter V Handling of Traffic Accidents

　　Article 70 When a traffic accident occurs on the road, the driver of the vehicle shall stop immediately to protect the scene. If personal injury or death is caused, the driver of the vehicle shall immediately rescue the injured person and promptly report to the traffic police on duty or the traffic management department of the public security organ. If the scene is changed due to the rescue of the injured, the location shall be indicated. Passengers, drivers of passing vehicles and passers-by shall give assistance.

　　If there is a traffic accident on the road, causing no personal injury or death, and the parties concerned have no dispute about the facts and causes, they can immediately evacuate the scene, resume traffic, and handle the damages through negotiation; If it is not immediately evacuated from the scene, it shall promptly report to the traffic police on duty or the traffic management department of the public security organ.

　　If a traffic accident occurs on the road, which only causes minor property losses and the basic facts are clear, the parties concerned should evacuate the scene first and then negotiate.

　　Article 71 If a vehicle escapes after a traffic accident, witnesses at the scene of the accident and other insiders shall report to the traffic management department of the public security organ or the traffic police. If the report is true, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall reward it.

　　Article 72 After receiving the traffic accident alarm, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall immediately send the traffic police to the scene, organize the rescue of the injured first, and take measures to restore traffic as soon as possible.

　　The traffic police shall conduct an inquest and inspection on the scene of the traffic accident and collect evidence; Due to the need of collecting evidence, the accident vehicle may be detained, but it shall be properly kept for verification.

　　The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall entrust a specialized agency to carry out the professional inspection of the physical and mental conditions of the parties. The appraisal conclusion shall be signed by the appraiser.

　　Article 73 The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall, according to the scene inquest, inspection and investigation of the traffic accident and the relevant inspection and appraisal conclusions, make a traffic accident confirmation in time as evidence for handling the traffic accident. The traffic accident certificate shall specify the basic facts, causes and responsibilities of the parties, and shall be served on the parties.

　　Article 74 In the case of a dispute over compensation for traffic accidents, the parties may request the traffic administrative department of the public security organ for mediation, or they may directly bring a civil lawsuit to the people’s court.

　　After mediation by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ, if the parties fail to reach an agreement or fail to perform the mediation after it takes effect, the parties may bring a civil lawsuit to the people’s court.

　　Seventy-fifth medical institutions should promptly rescue the injured in traffic accidents, and should not delay the treatment because the rescue expenses are not paid in time. If the vehicle involved in the accident participates in compulsory third-party liability insurance for motor vehicles, the insurance company shall pay the rescue expenses within the limit of liability; If the rescue expenses exceed the limit of liability, and they do not participate in compulsory motor vehicle third-party liability insurance or escape after the accident, the social assistance fund for road traffic accidents shall advance part or all of the rescue expenses in advance, and the social assistance fund management institution for road traffic accidents shall have the right to recover from the person responsible for the traffic accident.

　　Article 76 If a motor vehicle accident causes personal injury or property loss, the insurance company shall compensate it within the liability limit of compulsory motor vehicle third party liability insurance; The insufficient part shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the following provisions:

　　(1) In case of a traffic accident between motor vehicles, the party at fault shall be liable for compensation; If both parties are at fault, they shall share the responsibility in proportion to their respective faults.

　　(2) If a traffic accident occurs between a motor vehicle and a non-motor vehicle driver or pedestrian, and the non-motor vehicle driver or pedestrian is not at fault, the motor vehicle party shall be liable for compensation; If there is evidence that non-motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians are at fault, the liability for compensation of the motor vehicle party shall be appropriately reduced according to the degree of fault; If the motor vehicle party is not at fault, it shall bear no more than 10% of the liability for compensation.

　　The loss of traffic accidents is caused by non-motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians deliberately colliding with motor vehicles, and the motor vehicle party is not liable for compensation.

　　Article 77 If the traffic administrative department of the public security organ receives a report of an accident when a vehicle passes outside the road, it shall handle it with reference to the relevant provisions of this Law.

Chapter VI Law Enforcement Supervision

　　Article 78 The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall strengthen the management of traffic policemen, improve their quality and the level of road traffic management.

　　The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall train and examine the traffic police in legal system and traffic safety management. Traffic police who fail to pass the examination shall not be allowed to perform their duties.

　　Article 79 The traffic administrative department of the public security organ and its traffic police shall, in implementing road traffic safety management, simplify the procedures according to the statutory authority and procedures, and be fair, strict, civilized and efficient.

　　Article 80 When performing their duties, traffic policemen should dress in accordance with the regulations, wear people’s police signs, hold people’s police certificates, keep their police appearance neat, behave dignified and command norms.

　　Article 81 The fees charged for issuing licenses and other fees in accordance with this Law shall be strictly implemented in accordance with the charging standards approved by the competent pricing department of the State Council, and all of them shall be turned over to the state treasury.

　　Article eighty-two The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations, separate the decision on fines from the collection of fines; The fines collected and the illegal gains confiscated according to law shall all be turned over to the state treasury.

　　Eighty-third traffic police investigation and handling of road traffic safety violations and traffic accidents, one of the following circumstances, should be avoided:

　　(1) Being a party to the case or a close relative of the party;

　　(2) He or his close relatives have an interest in the case;

　　(3) Having other relations with the parties to the case, which may affect the fair handling of the case.

　　Article 84 The administrative law enforcement activities of the traffic administrative department of the public security organ and its traffic police shall be subject to the supervision of the administrative supervision organ according to law.

　　The supervision department of the public security organ shall supervise the implementation of laws, regulations and discipline by the traffic management department of the public security organ and its traffic police according to law.

　　The traffic administrative department of the public security organ at a higher level shall supervise the law enforcement activities of the traffic administrative department of the public security organ at a lower level.

　　Eighty-fifth traffic management departments of public security organs and their traffic policemen shall consciously accept the supervision of society and citizens when performing their duties.

　　Any unit or individual has the right to report and accuse the traffic administrative department of the public security organ and its traffic police for not strictly enforcing the law and violating the law and discipline. The organ that receives the report or complaint shall promptly investigate and deal with it according to its duties.

　　Eighty-sixth no unit may issue a fine index to the traffic management department of the public security organ or in disguised form; The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall not use the amount of fines as the standard for assessing traffic police.

　　The traffic administrative department of the public security organ and its traffic police have the right to refuse to carry out the instructions beyond the provisions of laws and regulations, and at the same time report to the higher authorities.

Chapter VII Legal Liability

　　Article 87 The traffic administrative department of the public security organ and its traffic police shall promptly correct the illegal acts of road traffic safety.

　　The traffic administrative department of the public security organ and its traffic police shall punish the illegal acts of road traffic safety according to the facts and the relevant provisions of this law. If the circumstances are minor and the road traffic is not affected, point out the illegal act and give a verbal warning before releasing it.

　　Article 88 Penalties for road traffic safety violations include: warning, fine, suspension or revocation of motor vehicle driver’s license and detention.

　　Eighty-ninth pedestrians, passengers and non-motor vehicle drivers who violate the provisions of road traffic safety laws and regulations on road traffic shall be given a warning or fined between five yuan and fifty yuan; If a non-motor vehicle driver refuses to accept a fine, he may detain his non-motor vehicle.

　　Article 90 A motor vehicle driver who violates the provisions of road traffic safety laws and regulations on road traffic shall be given a warning or fined between 20 yuan and 200 yuan. If there are other provisions in this law, it shall be punished in accordance with the provisions.

　　Article 91 whoever drives a motor vehicle after drinking alcohol shall be temporarily detained for six months, and shall be fined between 1,000 yuan and 2,000 yuan. Those who are punished for driving a motor vehicle after drinking and driving a motor vehicle after drinking again shall be detained for not more than 10 days, fined not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 2,000 yuan, and their motor vehicle driving licenses shall be revoked.

　　Drunk driving a motor vehicle shall be restrained by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ until it wakes up, and the motor vehicle driving license shall be revoked, and criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law; No motor vehicle driver’s license shall be obtained again within five years.

　　Anyone who drives a motor vehicle after drinking alcohol shall be detained for 15 days, fined 5,000 yuan, and his motor vehicle driver’s license shall be revoked. He shall not re-obtain his motor vehicle driver’s license within five years.

　　Those who drive and operate motor vehicles under the influence of drunkenness shall be restrained by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ until they wake up, and their motor vehicle driving licenses shall be revoked, and criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law; No motor vehicle driver’s license shall be obtained again within ten years, and no motor vehicle shall be driven or operated after the motor vehicle driver’s license is obtained again.

　　If a serious traffic accident occurs after drinking or driving a motor vehicle while drunk, which constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law, and the motor vehicle driving license shall be revoked by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ, and the motor vehicle driving license shall not be re-acquired for life.

　　Article 92 If a highway passenger vehicle carries more passengers than the rated passengers, it shall be fined between 200 yuan and 500 yuan; Those who exceed 20% of the rated passengers or carry goods in violation of regulations shall be fined between 500 yuan and 2,000 yuan.

　　Freight motor vehicles exceeding the approved load quality shall be fined between two hundred yuan and five hundred yuan; Those who carry passengers in excess of 30% of the approved weight or in violation of regulations shall be fined between 500 yuan and 2,000 yuan.

　　Whoever commits the acts mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs shall be detained by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ until the illegal state is eliminated.

　　The vehicle of the transport unit has the circumstances specified in the first and second paragraphs of this article, and if it is not changed after punishment, the directly responsible person in charge shall be fined between two thousand yuan and five thousand yuan.

　　Article 93 Anyone who violates the provisions of road traffic safety laws and regulations on motor vehicle parking and temporary parking may point out the illegal act and give a verbal warning to order him to leave immediately.

　　If the driver of a motor vehicle is not at the scene or refuses to leave immediately although he is at the scene, which hinders the passage of other vehicles and pedestrians, he shall be fined not less than 20 yuan but not more than 200 yuan, and the motor vehicle may be towed to a place that does not hinder traffic or parked at a place designated by the traffic management department of the public security organ. The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall not charge the parties for the trailer, and shall promptly inform the parties of the parking place.

　　If the motor vehicle is damaged due to the improper towing method, it shall be liable for compensation according to law.

　　Article 94 If a motor vehicle safety technical inspection institution collects fees for carrying out motor vehicle safety technical inspection in excess of the charging standard approved by the competent price department of the State Council, the overcharged fees shall be refunded, and the competent price department shall punish it in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Price Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　Motor vehicle safety technical inspection institutions fail to conduct inspection in accordance with the national technical standards for motor vehicle safety and issue false inspection results, and the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall impose a fine of not less than five times but not more than ten times the inspection fee, and revoke its inspection qualification according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 95 If a motor vehicle running on the road is not hung with a motor vehicle number plate, has no inspection mark or insurance mark, or does not carry a driving license or driver’s license with it, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall detain the motor vehicle, notify the parties concerned to provide corresponding license plates and marks or go through corresponding procedures, and may impose penalties in accordance with the provisions of Article 90 of this Law. If the parties provide corresponding license plates, signs or go through corresponding formalities, they shall return the motor vehicle in time.

　　Whoever intentionally conceals, defaces or fails to install the motor vehicle number plate according to the provisions shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 90 of this Law.

　　Article 96 Whoever forges, alters or uses a forged or altered motor vehicle registration certificate, number plate, driving license and driver’s license shall be confiscated by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ, detained the motor vehicle, detained for less than 15 days, and fined between 2,000 yuan and 5,000 yuan; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Whoever forges, alters or uses forged or altered inspection conformity marks or insurance marks shall be confiscated by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ, detained the motor vehicle, detained for less than 10 days, and fined between 1,000 yuan and 3,000 yuan; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Anyone who uses the motor vehicle registration certificate, license plate, driving license, inspection mark and insurance mark of other vehicles shall be confiscated by the traffic management department of the public security organ, and the motor vehicle shall be detained and fined between 2,000 yuan and 5,000 yuan.

　　If the parties provide corresponding legal certificates or go through corresponding formalities, they shall return the motor vehicle in time.

　　Ninety-seventh illegal installation of sirens and sign lamps shall be forcibly removed by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ, and shall be confiscated, and a fine of not less than 200 yuan but not more than 2000 yuan shall be imposed.

　　Article 98 If the owner or manager of a motor vehicle fails to take out compulsory motor vehicle third-party liability insurance according to the provisions of the state, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall detain the vehicle until it is insured according to the provisions, and impose a fine of twice the insurance premium payable according to the minimum liability limit.

　　All fines paid in accordance with the preceding paragraph shall be included in the social assistance fund for road traffic accidents. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Ninety-ninth one of the following acts, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall impose a fine of two hundred yuan and two thousand yuan:

　　(a) driving a motor vehicle without obtaining a motor vehicle driver’s license, the motor vehicle driver’s license is revoked or the motor vehicle driver’s license is temporarily suspended;

　　(two) the motor vehicle is driven by a person who has not obtained a motor vehicle driver’s license or whose motor vehicle driver’s license has been revoked or temporarily detained;

　　(3) Causing escape after a traffic accident, which does not constitute a crime;

　　(four) the motor vehicle driving more than fifty percent per hour;

　　(5) Forcing a motor vehicle driver to drive a motor vehicle in violation of the laws and regulations on road traffic safety and the requirements for safe driving of motor vehicles, thus causing a traffic accident, which does not constitute a crime;

　　(six) in violation of the provisions of traffic control by force, do not listen to discourage;

　　(7) intentionally damaging, moving or altering traffic facilities, causing harmful consequences, which does not constitute a crime;

　　(eight) illegal interception and detention of motor vehicles, do not listen to dissuasion, resulting in serious traffic jams or large property losses.

　　The motor vehicle driver’s license may also be revoked if the actor is under any of the circumstances mentioned in Item 2 and Item 4 of the preceding paragraph; One of the first, third, fifth to eighth cases may be detained for not more than fifteen days.

　　Article 100 Anyone who drives an assembled motor vehicle or a motor vehicle that has reached the scrapping standard on the road shall be confiscated by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ for compulsory scrapping.

　　Drivers who drive the motor vehicles listed in the preceding paragraph on the road shall be fined between 200 yuan and 2000 yuan, and their motor vehicle driving licenses shall be revoked.

　　If a motor vehicle that has reached the scrapping standard is sold, the illegal income shall be confiscated and a fine equal to the sales amount shall be imposed, and the motor vehicle shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of this article.

　　Article 101 If a serious traffic accident occurs in violation of the provisions of laws and regulations on road traffic safety, which constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law, and the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall revoke the motor vehicle driver’s license.

　　If a person escapes after a traffic accident, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall revoke the motor vehicle driver’s license and shall not re-obtain the motor vehicle driver’s license for life.

　　Article 102 A professional transport unit that bears the main responsibility or full responsibility for more than two serious traffic accidents within six months shall be ordered by the traffic administrative department of the public security organ to eliminate potential safety hazards, and motor vehicles that have not eliminated potential safety hazards are prohibited from driving on the road.

　　Article 103 If the national competent department of motor vehicle products fails to strictly examine the motor vehicle safety technical standards and permits unqualified motor vehicles to be put into production, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions of demotion or dismissal.

　　Motor vehicle manufacturers produce motor vehicles with the permission of the national competent department of motor vehicle products, and fail to implement the national safety technical standards for motor vehicles or strictly carry out the quality inspection of finished motor vehicles, resulting in unqualified motor vehicles being sold out of the factory, and the quality and technical supervision department shall punish them in accordance with the relevant provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Product Quality Law.

　　Unauthorized production and sale of motor vehicles without the permission of the competent department of motor vehicle products of the state, the illegal production and sale of motor vehicle finished products and accessories shall be confiscated, and a fine of more than three times and less than five times the value of illegal products may be imposed; If there is a business license, the business license shall be revoked by the administrative department for industry and commerce, and if there is no business license, it shall be sealed up.

　　Whoever produces or sells assembled motor vehicles or produces or sells motor vehicles modified without authorization shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the third paragraph of this article.

　　Whoever commits the illegal acts listed in the second, third and fourth paragraphs of this article and produces or sells motor vehicles that do not meet the national technical standards for motor vehicle safety, which constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　104th unauthorized excavation of roads, occupation of road construction or other activities affecting road traffic safety, shall be ordered by the road administrative department to stop the illegal behavior, and restore to the original state, and may be fined according to law; If people, vehicles and other property passing by suffer losses, they shall be liable for compensation according to law.

　　If the acts mentioned in the preceding paragraph affect road traffic safety activities, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ may order it to stop the illegal acts and restore traffic quickly.

　　Article 105 In case of road construction or road damage, warning signs and protective measures are not set up in time, or traffic lights, traffic signs and traffic markings should be set up but not set up or should be changed in time, thus causing losses to people, vehicles and other property passing by, the unit with relevant responsibilities shall be liable for compensation according to law.

　　Article 106 If trees and other plants are planted on both sides of the road and the isolation belt, or billboards and pipelines are set up to block street lamps, traffic lights and traffic signs, thus obstructing the safe sight distance, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall order the actor to remove the obstruction; Those who refuse to implement it shall be fined between 200 yuan and 2000 yuan, and the obstruction shall be forcibly removed, and the expenses required shall be borne by the actor.

　　Article 107 If the violator of road traffic is given a warning and fined not more than 200 yuan, the traffic police may make a decision on administrative punishment on the spot and issue a written decision on administrative punishment.

　　The written decision on administrative punishment shall specify the illegal facts of the parties, the basis of administrative punishment, the content, time and place of punishment and the name of the punishment organ, and shall be signed or sealed by law enforcement officers.

　　Article 108 The party concerned shall pay the fine at the designated bank within 15 days from the date of receiving the written decision on administrative penalty for the fine.

　　If the parties have no objection to the fines imposed on pedestrians, passengers and non-motor vehicle drivers, they may collect the fines on the spot.

　　Fines shall be issued by the financial departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government; If a receipt for the fine uniformly issued by the financial department is not issued, the party concerned has the right to refuse to pay the fine.

　　Article 109 If a party fails to perform the decision on administrative punishment within the time limit, the administrative organ that made the decision on administrative punishment may take the following measures:

　　(a) if the fine is not paid at the due date, a fine of 3% of the amount of the fine shall be imposed every day;

　　(two) apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution.

　　Article 110 If a traffic policeman on duty thinks that the violator of road traffic should be punished by withholding or revoking the motor vehicle driver’s license, he may first detain the motor vehicle driver’s license and hand over the case to the traffic management department of the public security organ for handling within 24 hours.

　　Road traffic violators shall go to the traffic administrative department of the public security organ for handling within fifteen days. If it fails to accept the treatment within the time limit without justifiable reasons, the motor vehicle driving license shall be revoked.

　　If the traffic administrative department of the public security organ temporarily suspends or revokes the motor vehicle driver’s license, it shall issue a written decision on administrative punishment.

　　Article 111 The administrative penalty for detention in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be decided by the county, municipal public security bureau, public security sub-bureau or the public security organ equivalent to the county level.

　　Article 112 When the traffic administrative department of the public security organ detains a motor vehicle or a non-motor vehicle, it shall issue a certificate on the spot and inform the parties concerned to go to the traffic administrative department of the public security organ for handling within the prescribed time limit.

　　The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall properly keep the detained vehicles and shall not use them.

　　Failing to accept the treatment within the time limit, and failing to accept the treatment within three months after the announcement, the detained vehicle shall be dealt with according to law.

　　Article 113th the time limit for temporarily suspending a motor vehicle driver’s license shall be counted from the date when the punishment decision takes effect; If the motor vehicle driver’s license is detained before the punishment decision takes effect, the detention period will be reduced by one day.

　　The time limit for reapplying for a motor vehicle driver’s license after its revocation shall be handled in accordance with the provisions on the administration of motor vehicle drivers’ licenses.

　　Article 114 The traffic administrative department of the public security organ may, according to the traffic technical monitoring records, punish the illegal motor vehicle owner or manager according to law. Those who can determine the driver can be punished according to the provisions of this law.

　　Article 115th a traffic policeman who commits one of the following acts shall be given administrative sanctions according to law:

　　(1) Issuing motor vehicle registration certificates, number plates, driving licenses and inspection marks for motor vehicles that do not meet the statutory requirements;

　　(2) approving the installation and use of sirens and sign lamps of police cars, fire engines, ambulances and engineering rescue vehicles, and spraying sign patterns on motor vehicles that do not meet the statutory requirements;

　　(3) Issuing a motor vehicle driver’s license to those who do not meet the driving license conditions, have not passed the examination or fail the examination;

　　(4) Failing to implement the system of separating fine decision from fine collection, or failing to turn over all fees collected according to law, fines collected and confiscated illegal income to the state treasury according to regulations;

　　(5) Holding or participating in holding driving schools or driving training classes, motor vehicle repair shops or paid parking lots and other business activities;

　　(six) taking advantage of his position to accept other people’s property or seek other benefits;

　　(seven) illegal detention of vehicles, motor vehicle driving license, driver’s license, vehicle number plate;

　　(eight) the use of vehicles detained according to law;

　　(nine) collecting a fine on the spot without issuing a fine receipt or truthfully filling in the amount of the fine;

　　(ten) favoritism, unfair handling of traffic accidents;

　　(eleven) deliberately making things difficult and delaying the handling of motor vehicle license plates;

　　(twelve) the use of alarms and sign lamps when not performing emergency tasks;

　　(thirteen) in violation of the provisions of the interception, inspection of normal driving vehicles;

　　(fourteen) to intercept a motor vehicle when not performing emergency official duties;

　　(fifteen) do not perform their statutory duties.

　　If the traffic administrative department of the public security organ commits one of the acts listed in the preceding paragraph, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given corresponding administrative sanctions.

　　Article 116 A traffic policeman who is given administrative sanctions in accordance with the provisions of Article 115 of this Law may be suspended from performing his duties before making a decision on administrative sanctions; When necessary, it can be confined.

　　According to the provisions of Article 115 of this Law, a traffic policeman may be dismissed if he is subject to administrative punishment of demotion or dismissal.

　　If a traffic policeman is dismissed or dismissed, his police rank shall be revoked; A traffic policeman who is subject to administrative sanctions below dismissal shall have his police rank reduced.

　　Article 117 If a traffic policeman illegally occupies public property by taking advantage of his power, asks for or accepts bribes, or abuses his power or neglects his duty, which constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　Article 118 If the traffic administrative department of the public security organ and its traffic police commit one of the acts listed in Article 115 of this Law, thus causing losses to the parties concerned, they shall be liable for compensation according to law.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 119 The meanings of the following terms in this Law:

　　(1) "Road" refers to highways, urban roads and places where social motor vehicles are allowed to pass although they are under the jurisdiction of the unit, including squares, public parking lots and other places used for public access.

　　(2) "Vehicles" refer to motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles.

　　(3) "Motor vehicle" refers to a wheeled vehicle that is driven or towed by a power plant and travels on the road for passengers or for transporting articles and carrying out special engineering operations.

　　(4) "Non-motor vehicles" refer to vehicles driven by human or animal power and running on roads, as well as motor wheelchairs, electric bicycles and other vehicles for the disabled whose design maximum speed, empty weight and overall dimensions meet the relevant national standards.

　　(5) "Traffic accident" refers to the incident of personal injury or property loss caused by the fault or accident of vehicles on the road.

　　Article 120 The China People’s Liberation Army and the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force shall be responsible for the compilation of motor vehicle license plates, the inspection of motor vehicles under compilation and the examination of motor vehicle drivers.

　　Article 121 For tractors traveling on roads, the competent department of agriculture (agricultural machinery) shall exercise the management authority of the traffic management department of the public security organ as stipulated in Articles 8, 9, 13, 19 and 23 of this Law.

　　The competent department of agriculture (agricultural machinery) shall exercise its functions and powers in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and shall abide by the relevant provisions of this law and accept the supervision of the traffic management department of the public security organ; Those who violate the regulations shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of this law.

　　Motor vehicle license plates issued by agricultural (agricultural machinery) departments before the implementation of this Law shall remain valid after the implementation of this Law.

　　Article 122 The State exercises unified management over the road traffic safety of foreign motor vehicles entering the country.

　　Article 123 The standing committees of the people’s congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, according to the actual conditions in their respective regions, set specific enforcement standards within the scope of fines prescribed in this Law.

　　Article 124 This Law shall come into force as of May 1, 2004.