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　　On May 18, 2021, the audience participated in the "Fantastic Night" series of activities at the Shanghai Museum of Nature. Xinhua news agency

　　The audience visited the 24-hour museum of Zhejiang Natural Museum. Photo by Zhang Zhenzhen/Bright Picture

　　The audience visited the 24-hour museum of Zhejiang Natural Museum. Photo by Zhang Zhenzhen/Bright Picture

　　In Chengdu Museum, parents take their children to experience the making of lacquerware in Chengdu at night. Xinhua news agency

　　 　When night falls and the lights are on, can the tired city dwellers find a quiet leisure place and fully enjoy the cultural nourishment, in addition to the lively entertainment and consumption places such as cinemas, bars and KTV? A museum that opens at night may be a very good choice. Regrettably, although museums all over the country have tried to delay opening in recent years, holding night cruises, staying in museums and other activities, museums that normalize "opening at night" are still scarce.

　　 　In Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, the "24-hour Museum of Zhejiang Natural Museum" has experienced more than 20,000 visitors since it was put into trial operation for more than a month. After entering the summer vacation, the number has continued to climb. The venue is a 300-square-meter small cultural space built by Zhejiang Natural Museum. Its business hours are from 10 am to 24 midnight from Monday to Friday, and it is open 24 hours a day on Saturday and Sunday. This great breakthrough is the first in a state-owned museum. Taking this as a signal, can we expect that "latecomers" may emerge one after another, making museums one of the main venues of urban nightlife?

　　1. The audience needs to pull the museum to keep trying.

　　 　Recently, the Changjiang Daily’s continuous report on a "citizen’s suggestion" became a beautiful talk: in late June, Mr. Kang, a citizen of Wuhan, made a suggestion on the message board of Wuhan City. Since the summer, more and more people have visited Hankou River Beach at night, hoping that the Museum of Crossing the Yangtze River next to Yuehan Wharf can be opened at night, adding cultural flavor to the night tour of the river beach. On July 6th, Wuhan Jiangtan Office responded to this suggestion and announced that the opening hours of the Yangtze River Crossing Museum would be adjusted from 12: 30 to 20: 30 every Friday and Saturday from July 8th to August 31st. According to reports, on the day of the opening of the night tour on July 8, the total passenger flow of the museum was 316. Among them, the passenger flow after 16: 30 (the previous closing time) was 146, which was more than doubled compared with the previous data of the same period.

　　 　Equally popular is the 24-hour Museum of Zhejiang Natural Museum, which is located in the center of Hangzhou and has convenient transportation. "In the past, we often received calls from tourists. During the day, we were busy visiting the West Lake and enjoying the beautiful scenery. At night, we wanted to take our children to visit the museum. But most museums are ‘ Nine to five ’ Open, it is difficult to meet everyone’s needs for cultural life. " Yan Hongming, president of Zhejiang Natural Museum, said that the idea of opening a "night museum" came into being as early as 2014. It happened that the museum recently recovered a 310-square-meter facade room along the street, which was suitable for creating a separate cultural new space, and began the preparations for the 24-hour museum.

　　 　On the first day of trial operation, the 24-hour Museum of Zhejiang Natural Museum received more than 700 tourists in 9 hours from 15: 00 to 24: 00. According to the staff, almost every day from 10: 30 to 21: 30 is the peak time because it coincides with the summer vacation. In order to ensure the quality of the exhibition, the venue had to limit the flow to 100 people per hour, and many spectators waited in line outside the door. In order to "miss the peak", some viewers choose to go early in the morning or two or three in the morning on weekends. A citizen left a message after the exhibition: "After the opening of the 24-hour museum, we have another place to visit, which can not only cool off in the summer, but also learn a lot of interesting knowledge of nature."

　　 　In the summer vacation, the 24-hour museum of Zhejiang Natural Museum is "one ticket is hard to find". According to the weekly data, during the week from July 4th to 10th, the museum received an average of 940 people every day. From 16: 00 to 22: 00, three or four hundred people enter the museum every day; From 22: 00 to 24: 00, although there were no more than 50 people on weekdays, it soared to nearly 200 people on weekends.

　　 　"The night at the museum is very special because it has a quiet and visual feeling different from that during the day. This special experience is very attractive to the public. " Chen Lvsheng, former deputy director of the National Museum of China, wrote in the book The Beauty of Museums. He believes that it is very important for the city and the public to extend the opening of the museum to the evening as a normal state. The museum opens at night, regardless of the length of time, which reflects the civilization level and citizen quality of the city where it is located.

　　 　In fact, before the outbreak, in order to promote the prosperity of the night economy, the cultural and tourism departments of some cities planned and organized the "collective action" of museums, which was linked to the night tourist routes of the cities. In August, 2019, Guangzhou Cultural Tourism Bureau organized eight exhibition halls, including Guangzhou Museum and Sun Yat-sen Marshal’s Mansion Memorial Hall, to open at night, that is, it was delayed until 21: 00 every Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and the explanation service was basically the same as that during the day. The Shanghai Cultural Tourism Bureau piloted the normal night tour project of museums for the first time from July to September 2019, and selected 14 pilot museums to extend their opening on Friday night; From June to August, 2021, the number of participating museums expanded to 30, providing citizens and tourists with a rich choice of night tours. Unfortunately, under the influence of the epidemic, the cultural tourism industry is inevitably impacted, and this linkage form of "museum fever" is still gradually recovering.

　　 　On July 12, 2022, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism issued a notice that the museums in Beijing will carry out activities such as delayed opening to light up the "night capital" in summer. According to the conditions in the museum, museums will also extend their opening hours in due course, carry out evening cultural activities, or make appropriate arrangements for evening receptions based on planned activities. The museum is becoming a new landmark of people’s nightlife, opening a wonderful "museum night" for the audience in the hot summer.

　　2. Diversified museum space makes the audience linger.

　　 　"Giving priority to scientific and educational activities, supplemented by explanations" is the basic orientation of the 24-hour museum of Zhejiang Natural Museum. Perhaps it is this positioning that has made it gather a lot of popularity in the trial operation for more than a month. Hong Lei, a science and education staff member of Zhejiang Natural Museum, told the reporter that in summer, the 24-hour museum will hold several popular science education activities for young people including fossil excavation and volcanic science experiments, and the weekend night show is "locked in early" by many parents and children.

　　 　In order to make the audience of all ages have a pleasant exhibition experience, in this small world of 300 square meters, interactive equipment can be seen everywhere: press the button below the bird specimen, and you can hear its unique singing; Spend 10 yuan’s money on materials. After coloring the fish stick figure, scan it with AR device, and fish will swim lightly on the projection curtain. There is also an interesting device of "I am taller than dinosaurs", and the Meta-Universe Theater can order popular science movies and watch online exhibitions. Tired of watching, the audience can also order a cup of coffee in the reading area, or taste the limited ice cream and dessert in the 24-hour museum. It can be said that "the sparrow is small and complete".

　　 　"Now the development direction of museums, especially the development direction of popular science education and exhibitions, is very different from the traditional museums in the original sense." Hong Lei said that before entering the museum, it was to "see" the exhibition, and the specimens were placed in the showcase of the window. Now, after a series of reforms, there are diversified forms such as scene simulation, interactive exhibits and multimedia on the display, combined with the living specimen showcase, which brings a different experience to the audience.

　　 　During the tour, Hong Lei paid attention to the different interests of audiences of different ages: children like dinosaurs named after Zhejiang land, such as Yang Yandong Yang Dunlong, Lixian Jiangshan Dragon and Lishui Zhejiang Dragon; Young and middle-aged audiences will be more attracted to rocks and minerals and native birds and insects; The elderly audience will prefer to study Chinese herbal medicines and grains. "Taking the animals, plants and minerals around us as the theme is because everyone can come into contact with it at ordinary times, but they don’t understand it. Excavating the knowledge around you can inspire the interest of the audience. " Hong Lei said.

　　 　If "24 hours" is to let more tourists come to the museum through the extension of time, then when the visit is coming to an end, purchasing the museum’s "tailor-made" cultural and creative products is to let the museum integrate into people’s daily lives again. During the trial operation, the 24-hour museum customized butterfly and beetle crystal specimens and the 24-hour museum logo ice cream have met with the audience. Next, the museum will also develop a number of cultural and creative product systems including meteorites and space series.

　　 　It is true that people expect museums to be integrated into the city’s leisure lifestyle at night, so that more cultural resources can be more convenient to get close to. However, if the delayed opening only delays the opening of a huge exhibition hall, it will burden the museum’s manpower and funds, but it will waste resources. Therefore, to make the museum "more exciting at night" is inseparable from the museum’s "crossing the river by feeling the stones" in light of its own actual situation, and it is also inseparable from the support of relevant departments and all walks of life.

　　3. Opening at night is "not simple" and faces many challenges.

　　 　"The quality of exhibitions and activities determines the attraction of the night show, and the audience will not come if the door is open." Chen Ceng Lu, director of the Wu Culture Museum, once said in an interview that the evening performances should not only be simple and open, but should be organically combined with educational activities, so that everyone can enjoy it at this time differently from the daytime.

　　 　When it comes to the night activities of the museum, we have to mention the Lantern Festival held by the Palace Museum in 2019. At that time, it became a hot topic because "one ticket is hard to find". The news that "the traffic of grabbing tickets is too large, which leads to the instant collapse of the website server" and "the scalper ticket is up to 9999 yuan" is staggering. The reason is that, in addition to holidays, "scarcity" is the key — — The stunt of "The Palace Museum is open to the public at night for the first time in 94 years" can’t help but make people greedy.

　　 　As a result, discussions have been launched on social platforms: Why can’t night activities be launched regularly, so that more people have the opportunity to participate? Some experts have analyzed that increasing lighting facilities and laying a large number of wires will increase the security risks in the Forbidden City, and ancient buildings with wooden structures cannot afford this risk; Not to mention the difficulty of managing tourists at night, there are still some cultural relics that are not suitable for night exhibitions and need timely rest.

　　 　In fact, it is not only the Forbidden City, but also the museums at all levels in China, which are facing a lot of challenges to normalize the opening at night. Chen Lvsheng believes that it is a great test to create more night shows, because it not only prolongs the working hours of staff, but also faces security problems and increased management costs caused by prolonged opening. Therefore, museums need greater economic investment to maintain their opening at night.

　　 　The Mumu Art Museum (Hall 798), located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, tried to extend its opening hours to 21 o’clock, and at the same time, it was accompanied by night activities such as immersive art healing, concerts and impromptu comedy experiences. "The Art Museum is in the 798 Art Zone, and the passenger flow is obvious ‘ Tide ’ Phenomenon, suitable for extending opening hours on weekends and holidays. At the same time, according to the user survey results, simply extending the opening hours can not significantly promote the audience to see the exhibition, but needs to give the audience an attractive reason. " Han Lin, the founder, said that he would not try to open the museum 24 hours at present, but should make a comprehensive evaluation based on the epidemic prevention policy and the management requirements of the park where the art museum is located, combined with the needs of the audience of the art museum.

　　 　Due to the shortage of manpower, the 24-hour museum of Zhejiang Natural Museum openly recruited supernumerary scientific and educational personnel for the society in early July. According to Yan Hongming, the entire operation and management team of the 24-hour museum consists of nine full-time staff, and two part-time staff were added in the summer. At the same time, the museum also set up a special class for 19 people, including the collection group, the education group, the management group and the security group, to ensure that "the wonderful does not fight".

　　 　At the same time, the challenge of keeping pace with the basic operation, publicity and promotion, human resources management and other costs is whether the museum can provide content and experience that "complement each other" with 24 hours. Which high-quality cultural products to choose to support the night show not only tests the museum’s professional level, but also reflects the museum’s aesthetic vision and artistic ability.

　　 　In recent years, natural history experts often emphasize "locality", that is, telling local stories well, with the aim of letting more people deepen their understanding of the local area and understand the natural environment around them. And the interest in the animals and plants around us is the beginning of ecological protection consciousness.

　　 　If the 9000-square-meter permanent exhibition hall of Hangzhou Pavilion of Zhejiang Natural Museum tells a "grand narrative" from the outbreak of life to the birth of human beings, then the 24-hour museum is an interest camp. More than 300 specimens displayed here are carefully selected from 270,000 collections, all of which are animals, plants and minerals in Zhejiang, and it is planned to update some exhibits from the massive collections every quarter.

　　 　"It is the responsibility and responsibility of our museum people to innovate exhibitions, promote the activation and utilization of collections, protect, inherit and display the outstanding achievements of Chinese civilization." Yan Hongming said that the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History had mobilized the participation and enthusiasm of potential audiences through crowdfunding, crowdsourcing and mass creation. The opening of the 24-hour museum this time is a new attempt to expand all over the country. While using the living museum collections and venue resources, we will focus on the "double reduction" of service and education to help "double promotion" and practice the contemporary mission of "a museum is a big school".

　　 　(Reporter Tang Yige Zhang Yun Lu Jian)

Hello, I’m a crow.

There was such a sports event two days ago. In the final of the 5th world baseball classic (WBC) held in Miami, USA, the Japanese team defeated the last champion American team 3-2 to win the championship for the third time.

The course of the game was quite exciting. In the eighth inning, the United States approached the score to 2:3, and the Japanese team was in a critical situation.At the crucial moment, Shohei Ohtani, the star pitcher of the Japanese team, stepped forward and struck out his club teammate trout of the United States in the ninth inning to end the game.

However, no matter how wonderful it is, it is only wonderful for a small number of people, and it has nothing to do with most people. Even if you are a sports fan, it is estimated that you will only be puzzled by the news about the baseball classic from time to time-what game is this? Why should we pay attention?

This is no one’s problem, most people all over the world are like this, and the classic baseball game is good.No matter the world series of Major League Baseball, it can’t be a world-class sports event, but it can only sprout in some countries or regions where baseball is hot.

Traditionally, the top six baseball players in the world are the United States, Cuba, Venezuela, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan Province, China. In fact, the strength of baseball in Taiwan Province has declined seriously in the last 30 years, and there is no advantage in confronting European countries. South Korea’s baseball is also getting worse year by year, and the last three WBC games have been a round of swimming home. It is really strong, that is, the four brothers of the American and Japanese ancient committees.

Of course, whether there are six boys or four boys, the limitations of baseball can be seen at a glance: it can only flourish in the United States and countries or regions with very close ties with the United States, and there is no chance outside this circle.

During the baseball classic, the European region was calm. Although MLB made great efforts to promote it, it was not successful in other countries except in the Czech Republic.

Some people in China spare no effort to promote it.MLB held 38 offline games in 16 cities in China, many of which went to first-class universities such as Tsinghua University and Wuhan University. Tik Tok, Bili Bili, Aauto Quicker, Weibo, Wuxing Sports and other major platforms are also broadcasting hard, so the ratings are not to mention.

In the end, MLB boasted that the ratings of this game broke the record, but as long as you open the article, you will find that the places that broke the record are baseball "old areas" such as the United States, Japan and South Korea, and it will be hehe in other places.

Strange to say,Baseball is highly bound to American popular culture.For example, just in 2011, Aaron Sorkin wrote a screenplay, and Brad Pitt, jonah hill, robin wright Pan (the house of cards woman) and "Star-Lord" Chris Palate starred in a blockbuster.Moneyball., is a pure baseball movie.

The global box office of this blockbuster is close to US$ 80 million, and its influence in China is not small, with a high score of 8.3 in Douban and more than 100,000 reviewers.

However, its achievements are not ranked first in the history of American baseball movies, and Legend No.42 and League of Pink are both over 100 million at the box office.

However, watching movies belongs to watching movies and watching baseball? Forget it. Baseball movies can be circled, but baseball still can’t.

(Japanese dramas and cartoons are often based on baseball as the "daily plot". For example, Ma Zhizhun, a famous ACG playwright and known as the "big devil", often starts a baseball game without a word in his works. As a result, it turns out that the two fist products of Japanese animation and American blockbusters can’t help baseball really go out of the circle.)

We have a deep understanding of the strength of American cultural hegemony, butSuch an American national sport has been vigorously promoted by mainstream propaganda. Why can’t it make a splash all over the world?

This has to start from history.

When it comes to the development of baseball in the United States, we have to mention the Civil War.

Before the Civil War, baseball was a unique pastime in new york., leaving new york, few people know. No wonder, when I left new york, most of the United States was still in the countryside, and the sports carried out in the village were nothing more than riding horses and wrestling …

In particular, the southern United States knows nothing about baseball, with the exception of New Orleans, Louisiana, where there are 12 baseball teams, but they all go to new york to play every year.

With the outbreak of war, the situation changed.

As Crow said in his previous article about football,Sports and nationalism always go both ways.. New york’s baseball club became a collaborator in war mobilization. While encouraging players to enlist in the army, they publicized and urged others to follow their example:"It’s better to join the army than to wander the streets!"

New york baseball star Otto W. Parrison was appointed captain of the 9th Infantry Regiment and took part in the Battle of Antietam. All 91 members of the Brooklyn Nine Sky Team joined the Northern Army.

When these people went to war, they also brought baseball to America.

The soldiers began to play baseball almost immediately. Legions from new york are naturally the most active players, because they are most familiar with the game. The first organized intra-military baseball game was held on July 2, 1861, when a team from the 71st new york Corps beat the Washington National Amateur Club 41-13 in a park opposite the White House.

However, the strength of the teams rose and fell very quickly, especially during the war.

In that month, the 71st Legion, which won the battle, went to the front to take part in the battle of Burlang, with heavy casualties. The best baseball players were either seriously injured or killed. So in the rematch held in 1862, the Washington Nationals successfully retaliated 28-13.

These impromptu competitions are very common and often attract a large number of viewers and newspaper reports.On Christmas Day in 1862, the 165th new york Volunteer Corps competed with another team composed of soldiers from other states, which was said to have attracted 40,000 spectators.

Organized activities like this help popularize the sport among soldiers. Colonel Mei Sen Whiting Taylor explained that by 1863, baseball was all the rage in the Potomac army, and baseball players were everywhere in the camp, and there were games on almost every street.

Therefore, officers take advantage of the situation to use baseball for official purposes, encourage soldiers to ease the monotonous barracks life by playing ball, and supplement training activities. They also hope to use these competitions to cultivate friendship and teamwork spirit between men, and they will soon be asked to fight together on the battlefield.

The Civil War also helped promote baseball in the south.At the beginning of the war, due to the better organization and command of the Confederate army, a large number of inexperienced northern officers and men were captured.These big brothers need entertainment when they are prisoners of war, so they began to play baseball in the prison camp.

At first glance, the officers and men in the south, yo, this game is quite interesting, and they have started to learn to play baseball.

John ·GB· Adams, a famous American civil war hero, discovered this point. In his memoirs, he wrote:"We (the soldiers of the North Army) will sit on the river bank and watch their (the soldiers of the South Army) game. The distance is too close. We can understand every movement. If they play well, we will applaud them."

However, it is difficult for southerners to get baseball and bats, so they have to turn to temporary equipment. Their bats are usually made of wooden boards or fences, and the ball "may just be a walnut wrapped in yarn."

By the end of the Civil War, these baseball-loving soldiers returned to their hometown and brought baseball to the whole country.

It is conceivable that such a movement, which was popularized on a large scale in the civil war, has what significance for Americans.

As a result, the drama of sports and politics going in both directions was staged again.

In the second half of the 19th century, as an "English sport", football was quickly brought to every corner of the world by British expatriate workers and international students sent to Britain.The United States is no exception. Immigrants from Europe have set up football clubs in various places.

Nationalists and the baseball industry quickly United. For American nationalists, after the civil war, it is very important to unite the North and the South and rebuild American identity. They adopted two orientations,One is to separate the connection between American culture and British and European culture; The second is to establish the common culture of the immigrants in the New World and form the shared experience.

Therefore, in order to establish their own sense of identity, they regard Britain as an unwelcome "other", and British culture bears the brunt of the "other" culture rejected by Americans, and gradually forms the imagination of the group by comparing with other cultures.

In the field of sports,On the one hand, American nationalists reject and resist football popular in Britain and Europe, on the other hand, they are trying to shape baseball that can embody the "national spirit and national symbol". By creating myths, creating heroes and building history, baseball has become the "national ball" of the United States and the symbol and pride of the "American nation".

This is not a theory that crows are careless about their hearts. That’s exactly what Americans do.

Speaking of Spalding, I believe that people who love playing basketball will be familiar with it. But when it comes to the founder of this brand,Al SpaldingPersonally, you may not be familiar with it. This man is the best example of the combination of American fanatical nationalism and baseball.

Al Spalding was a baseball star. In the 1970s, he was the greatest pitcher in American professional baseball. After retiring, he became the president of the Boston team.

At that time, many people in the United States had studied baseball.According to the research of historian and sports journalist Henry chadwick, baseball originated from the English round-the-field ball and became a modern baseball after being improved by Americans.

Scholars of later generations also confirmed that what chadwick said was true by consulting a large number of documents and visiting.

But for American nationalists at that time, this statement was tantamount to digging a grave: "Our great national baseball was actually invented by the old colonial British Empire?"

Spalding said he couldn’t stand it.Although Spalding and chadwick have a very good personal relationship, this does not prevent his old man from saying that chadwick was born in England and is not an American in essence.

And in order to completely locate the origin of baseball in the United States,Spalding mobilized his own resources to set up a "Special Baseball Committee" in 1905 to collect information from the people and verify who invented baseball.

Of course, this Committee has no academic rigor, and people come with tasks. Spalding went out in person during the Committee interview.Only by acknowledging that baseball originated in the United States can it be appointed as a Committee member.

Finally, seven former athletes and sports reporters were selected. Spalding called them "having a high reputation in baseball and being an unquestionable authority on baseball knowledge" and appointed his friend Mills as the chairman.

However, there is no information that can prove that baseball originated in the United States after collecting data for several years.

Just as Spalding was about to give up, the committee received a letter from Denver miner Abner Graves.The letter said that baseball was invented by American civil war hero Abner Doubleday.

DoburdayGraduated from West Point Military Academy, he was an outstanding civil war hero. He took part in the First World War of the Civil War in Sumter Fort, and even more glorious, he fought bravely in Gettysburg, repelling pickett’s charge.

For Spalding, an American hero like Dobrday is the ideal founder of baseball. But there’s only one problem,This letter is obviously a small composition without any evidence.

That doesn’t matter, just it! In March 1908, the "Special Baseball Committee" announced its findings, declaring: "First, baseball originated in the United States. Second: According to the best evidence available so far, baseball was invented by Dobrday! "

Funnily enough, Graves, the engineer who wrote to the Committee, seems to be abnormal.In 1924, at the age of 90, he had a paranoid schizophrenia attack, thinking that his wife was going to poison herself, so he killed her first.He was acquitted of insanity and spent the rest of his life in a mental hospital.

It can be said that the American national game originated in the United States and was determined by a mental patient.

Spalding, however, is not mentally retarded or mentally ill. Of course, he knows the truth, but he doesn’t care at all. In a letter to Boston sports reporter Tim Munan, he clearly stated:"Our ancient American baseball must have an American father."

Graves, a mental patient, even made these remarks in that letter:"I’d rather Uncle Sam declared war on England than admit that baseball was invented by the British!"

As can be seen from the above story, Americans closely relate baseball to the unique national personality and historical development of the United States through fabricated and fictional myths, anecdotes and development history of baseball, andBaseball is regarded as a typical product of American exceptionalism, which marks the division between the United States and its European descent.Then the export of this sport is naturally not important.

After all, old Spalding himself said:"It is difficult for British people who have never breathed free air like American citizens to appreciate baseball, which represents American nationality."

Moreover, in those days, even if the United States wanted to export culture to the outside world, it could not do it at all.

What was the anti-British sentiment of Americans at that time?In 1849, Macready, a British national treasure Shakespeare actor, went to new york Astor Opera Theatre to perform, which aroused widespread resentment among the American people. Someone posted a message in the street, which read-"Is it the British or the Americans who rule this city?"

Some people even bought hundreds of tickets for the top floor of Astor Opera House and shouted "shame, shame!" by throwing rotten eggs, potatoes, apples, lemons and shoes on the stage. The slogan,Turn Shakespeare’s play into a pantomime.

On May 10th, tens of thousands of demonstrators surrounded the theater. The police were understaffed and had to call in the militia. The demonstrators were extremely angry when they saw the militia armed with live ammunition.Someone shouted: "You have the guts to shoot!" The militia said, I have never heard of such a request as yours in my life. So he really shot.

Nearly 30 people were killed and more than 200 people were injured in the police and militia.So I feel funny when I see someone say that the Boxer Rebellion is blind. What is blind xenophobia? Americans, this is blind xenophobia.

Unlike today’s impression of the United States, in the second half of the 19th century, the United States was far from being a great empire, but at most it was a regional power. At that time, the British Empire ruled the world.

Presumably, the Boxer Rebellion will not appear in the "empire", and only in countries that are angry with imperialism will the people have an uprising and resistance in the form of the Boxer Rebellion.

As mentioned above, football can be spread all over the world, and the dominance of the British Empire is indispensable. It is precisely because the British emperor has invested in factories all over the world that all countries have sent people to study in Britain. Only British workers have the opportunity to work all over the world, and their hobbies and entertainment can affect those places and expose people there to football.

At that time, the United States did not have this condition at all. There were not enough industries distributed around the world, and not many people would study in the United States.

Why are baseball so popular in Cuba and Venezuela?Because the two brothers were one of the few countries that were within the sphere of influence of the United States at that time.

Baseball was introduced to Cuba in the 1960s by Cuban students returning from American universities and American sailors in the country’s ports. Cuban student Nemisio Guillo established the first baseball team in Cuba.

At that time, Cuba also staged a drama of two sports competitions.The Spaniards who colonized Cuba banned baseball and asked Cubans to go to the bullfight to show their loyalty to Spain.

Baseball was also accepted by supporters of the Cuban independence movement in those days.It has become a symbol of resistance to Spanish colonization in the field of sports.

Behind the struggle between the two sports is also the battle between the two countries. When the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War in 1898, it completely expelled the Spanish forces and turned Cuba into a protectorate of the United States, baseball swept away the remnants of bullfighting and completely became a national sport in Cuba.

At the beginning of the 20th century, American oil companies entered Venezuela, and it was American oil workers who popularized baseball among Venezuelan workers.

After the Meiji Restoration, Japan had a close relationship with the United States. At the end of the 19th century, baseball was introduced to Japan from the United States, thus occupying a dominant position in Japan. At that time, Taiwan Province and Korea were both Japanese colonies, so baseball entered. After World War II, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan Province became more closely linked with the United States, and baseball developed there.

In fact, at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, China was also one of the countries greatly influenced by the United States, and baseball started very early in China.

There are baseball teams in famous universities in Tsinghua, Yanjing, St. John’s, Fudan and Nankai. After the Revolution of 1911, baseball was listed as the official competitive event of the National Games and other events. The China baseball team also competed with Japanese and Filipino teams on the stage of the Far East Games, and performed well.

The development of baseball in Taiwan Province in the future is also related to the overall development of baseball in China in this era.

It is very interesting that the popularization of baseball among the people in China is closely related to the revolutionary army.

Around 1940, baseball was particularly popular in Liu Bocheng’s No.129 Division, and special youth baseball teams and official competitions were organized.

Liu Bocheng attaches great importance to military sports and thinks that sports can assist military training. He especially advocated the troops to play baseball, because playing baseball can greatly exercise the arm strength, which is helpful for throwing grenades, and the equipment is simple and inexpensive, and it can also cultivate the teamwork ability among soldiers.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, baseball was regarded as a military sport, and it was considered to have a special role in training physical strength and eyesight, cultivating soldiers’ brave and enterprising revolutionary heroism, agile and flexible movements, quick and decisive judgment and coordination system, so it called for the promotion of baseball in grass-roots companies.

On August 1, 1952, the first People’s Liberation Army Games, the "August 1" Games, were in full swing in the suburbs of Beijing. Besides track and field, football, basketball, volleyball and other common sports, baseball is also included. At that time, the six major military regions, the navy and the public security forces all sent baseball teams to participate in the competition, and the competition scene was as fierce as other ball games.

However, due to the outbreak of the Korean War and the invasion of Taiwan Province by the U.S. imperialists through Chiang Kai-shek’s puppet authorities, the relationship between China and the United States plummeted, and baseball, a sport closely bound to the United States, gradually cooled down in China.

Also in the middle of the 20th century, the United States finally surpassed Britain and became the biggest imperialist hegemony in the world, with extraordinary influence in almost all fields. But at this time, football has firmly sat on the throne of the world’s first sport, the mass base in the world has been established, and baseball has lost the opportunity to become a new "global sport."

Therefore, no matter how lively baseball is, it can only sprout in countries that are closely related to the United States. It is even more difficult to come up with this circle.

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References:

MLB: Baseball has actually been popular in China for a long time.

Zachary Brown: Baseball and Civil War, Forging American National Recreation.

Ma Jun: The Integration of Sports on National Identity

Baseball and America: Politics, Patriotism and Baseball on the Screen

Obviously, it’s just a bad stomach. Why does the doctor ask about the history of sexual life?

Obviously, my stomach is already very painful. Why did the doctor press it until we screamed?

Also, why do doctors always hold the stethoscope head by hand before auscultation, and let us curl our legs before pressing our stomachs?

……

Following the popular medical science "Family members of patients, please come" in 2021, Wang Xing, a doctor of oncology in Peking University and attending physician of thoracic surgery in Shanghai First People’s Hospital, will bring a new book "Doctor, what are you thinking" in June this year.

If "Family members of patients, please come" is written by him for the family members of cancer patients, "Doctor, what are you thinking" wants to drive the whole society to study medicine together. With this new work, Wang Xing hopes to help readers build medical thinking, reduce the communication cost between doctors and patients, and make medical treatment more effective.

Xing Wang

Queue for an hour and see a doctor for three minutes?

In life, many patients are very dissatisfied with the outpatient doctors: "Cherish words like gold, and after a few words, you will be ordered to leave the house."

Wang Xing understands the patient’s mood. In his junior year, he went to see a doctor because of his foot injury. As a result, the doctor said "nothing" without careful consultation or good examination. This experience once made him very confused.

But when Wang Xing became a doctor himself, he realized that outpatient doctors’ more responsibilities were to quickly judge whether patients were sick or not, to take medicine or surgery, and to be hospitalized-in short, to "screen".

"Under the current system, outpatient clinics are not designed to make everyone happy and satisfied. For most outpatient doctors, time is used to find problems, not to provide emotional value. " Wang Xing revealed to the The Paper reporter that in this book, he also thought about whether it is possible for future doctors to optimize the outpatient service in order to enhance communication and understanding between doctors and patients.

Medical consumption, the more the better?

Looking back at the doctor’s visit in junior year, Wang Xing recovered quickly without using any medicine, so he didn’t waste a penny.

"From this point of view, the doctor actually completed the task with high standards. I don’t want to say that doctors should be indifferent, but it has at least solved the doubts in my heart for many years, so that I can think about what is’ effective medical care’ from the perspective of doctors. "

Wang Xing told The Paper that at present, many treatments in society are actually ineffective, such as the use of health care drugs, and the disease anxiety caused by the Internet boom has also spawned many over-treatments. "For example, we have many nodules, lung nodules, thyroid nodules, breast nodules … Many people choose surgery immediately, but in fact, in most cases, they only need to observe first and do not need to take medicine."

He thought that the United States and Japan are exactly the opposite medical models. The United States tends to avoid patients’ medical consumption, while Japan conducts treatment as much as possible. "Almost everyone can understand the truth that a penny is worth a penny, but only one thing can’t be understood. This is life. In terms of medical care, no country, no organization or any medical model is perfect, but reflection can make all of us, including doctors and patients, calm down and think about where we can find’ effective medical care’ instead of’ expensive medical care’,’ wasted medical care’ and’ hypocritical medical care’. "

Anxiety may be more harmful than the disease itself.

Nowadays, in the face of diseases, many young people have begun to "worry in advance".

As a medical student, Wang Xing once had "medical student syndrome": when he brushed his teeth and bled, he felt that he was leukemia; Often constipated, he feels that he is intestinal cancer; When he learned hyperthyroidism, he felt that the disease was very consistent with his impatient temper.

"I have experienced it myself, so I understand everyone’s anxiety about the disease. When the body has symptoms, we can eliminate the disease by some means, but we should also pay attention to the degree and not enter the dead end of’ I can’t stand it if I don’t find out’. " Wang Xing said that patients’ anxiety caused by the disease may bring more physical harm than the disease itself.

This is also one of the motivations for him to write "Doctor, what are you thinking". He hopes that this book can make the public understand how doctors ask questions, check up and make a diagnosis, and let the public feel the doctor’s thinking mode and learn to think like a doctor. "Medical thinking is the shortest distance between ordinary people and doctors. Once ordinary people have more understanding of this way of thinking, panic and anxiety will be reduced and replaced by rational analysis and decision-making, thus achieving’ effective medical care’. "

Original title: sports live broadcast source code: play "sports+entertainment" to create an entertainment IP live broadcast platform.

In today’s digital age, sports events are not only a channel for watching games, but also a huge entertainment industry. By combining sports and entertainment elements, developing a creative and fascinating live broadcast platform of sports events can not only attract more audiences, but also add a unique entertainment experience to sports events. In this article, we willDiscussion on the source code scheme of "Dongguan Dream Network Technology" sports live broadcast systemHow to create an attractive entertainment IP through entertainment functions such as score guessing, community forums, chatting and making friends, short videos and news consultation.

1. Interesting score guess: the suspense of the event is upgraded.

Add the score fun guess function to the live broadcast platform of the event to let the audience participate in the competition. They can guess scores, shots, fouls and other data before, during and after the game and win rich rewards. This not only increases the audience’s sense of participation, but also doubles the suspense of the game and improves the viewing experience.

2. Community Forum: Carnival Together

Establish a sports community where spectators who love the same team or like the same sports can communicate. Post comments, share opinions and show support to form a passionate community. Through regular online activities, such as fan interactive games and online parties, the stickiness among community members is enhanced and the activity of the platform is improved.

3. Chatting and making friends: new socialization in sports circles

Provide audience with private chat and group chat functions, so that they can communicate directly with other fans. Through common sports events, the audience can easily make like-minded friends. This not only adds social elements, but also creates more opportunities for user interaction for the platform.

4. Short video: unlimited creativity

Using the short video function, users can record and share their own explanations, comments, exclusive opinions and so on. Through the creative short video, the audience can express their unique opinions, increase the interaction between users, and attract more users to join the creative sharing of the platform.

5. News consultation: in-depth interpretation of the event

Establish a professional sports news team to provide in-depth reports, tactical analysis, team dynamics and other content about the event. This can not only meet the needs of users for in-depth understanding of the games, but also endow the platform with more content elements, and improve users’ stickiness and loyalty.

Through the above entertainment functions, a creative live broadcast platform of sports events will be easier to become a fascinating entertainment IP. Through various functions such as score guessing, community forums, chatting and making friends, short videos, news consultation, etc., it not only attracts more users, but also makes the audience have more entertainment in sports events. Such a platform will not only be a viewing place for sports events, but also a dynamic and creative entertainment and social platform.

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