Cctv news: The General Office of the Ministry of Transport issued the Guide to Transport Safety Services for Self-driving Vehicles (Trial). It is clear that the use of self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport, taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport and road cargo transport should adhere to the principles of compliance with laws and regulations, honesty and trustworthiness, safety first and innovation drive. The transportation management of self-driving cars should adhere to the principles of safety first, integrity and innovation, inclusiveness and openness, and orderly advancement.
Self-driving car transport safety service guide (Trial)
In order to guide the development of autonomous driving technology and standardize the application of autonomous vehicles in the field of transportation services, this guide is formulated in accordance with the laws and regulations such as the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Safety in Production, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety, the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Transportation, and the relevant provisions on road transportation and urban passenger transport management.
I. Scope of application
These Guidelines shall apply to those who use self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport, taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport and road cargo transport business activities on urban roads, highways and other roads used for social motor vehicles.
The self-driving cars mentioned in this guide refer to cars that have the ability to perform all dynamic driving tasks under the design and operation conditions according to the relevant national standards and are included in the product access scope by the industrial and information departments, including conditional self-driving cars, highly self-driving cars and fully self-driving cars specified in the national standard "Classification of Automobile Driving Automation" (GB/T40429-2021).
Second, the basic principles
Using self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport, taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport and road cargo transport (hereinafter referred to as self-driving transport) should adhere to the principles of compliance with laws and regulations, honesty and trustworthiness, safety first and innovation drive. The transportation management of self-driving cars should adhere to the principles of safety first, integrity and innovation, inclusiveness and openness, and orderly advancement.
Third, the application scenario
In order to ensure transportation safety, self-driving cars should carry out road transportation services in designated areas and pass the road traffic safety assessment according to law. Using self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport business activities can be carried out in a physically closed, relatively closed or simple fixed line and traffic safety controllable scene; Using self-driving cars to engage in taxi passenger transport business activities can be carried out in the scene of good traffic conditions and controllable traffic safety; Prudent use of self-driving cars to engage in road passenger transport business activities; Self-driving cars can be used to engage in road cargo transportation business activities in scenes such as point-to-point trunk road transportation or urban roads with controllable traffic safety; It is forbidden to use self-driving cars to engage in road dangerous goods transportation business activities.
Four, automatic driving transport operators
Operators who use self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport, taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport and road cargo transport (hereinafter referred to as self-driving transport operators) shall register market entities according to law, and their business scope shall register corresponding business categories; Taxi passenger transport (network car) and road passenger transport should be insured with carrier liability insurance according to law. Those who engage in the operation of urban public buses and trams shall meet the relevant operational requirements of the state and the people’s government of the city where they operate. Engaged in taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport business, road cargo transport business, should have the business license qualification of the corresponding business category. Urban passenger transport enterprises and road transport enterprises can form a consortium with automobile production enterprises to carry out self-driving transport operations. Self-driving transport operators shall go through the relevant formalities according to law, and local transportation authorities shall provide handling channels for self-driving transport operators to engage in self-driving automobile transport business services.
V. Transport vehicles
Self-driving cars engaged in road transport business should meet the requirements of relevant national standards and technical specifications, register motor vehicles according to law, and obtain motor vehicle number plates and motor vehicle driving licenses. Self-driving cars engaged in urban bus and tram passenger transport should meet the relevant operational requirements of the state and the people’s government of the city where they operate. Self-driving cars engaged in taxi passenger transport, road passenger transport and road cargo transport should also meet the requirements of the technical standards for the safety of operating motor vehicles in the transportation industry, and obtain the Network Appointment Taxi Transport Certificate or Road Transport Certificate issued by the transportation authorities at the place of operation according to law. If the self-driving car needs to change the automatic driving function and upgrade the vehicle software system, it should be implemented in accordance with the regulations of the industrial and information departments to ensure the safe operation of the vehicle.
Self-driving cars engaged in road transport business shall provide traffic accident liability compulsory insurance certificate, traffic accident liability insurance certificate or accident compensation guarantee in accordance with the relevant requirements of Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Transport, Regulations on Compulsory Insurance of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident Liability and Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security on Printing and Distributing the Management Specification for Road Testing and Demonstration Application of Intelligent Networked Vehicles (Trial) (No.97 [2021] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology).
VI. Staffing
Self-driving cars engaged in urban bus and tram passenger transport and road passenger transport should be equipped with a driver or operation safety guarantee personnel (hereinafter referred to as "safety officers"). Self-driving cars engaged in road freight transportation are equipped with safety officers on board in principle. Conditional self-driving cars and highly self-driving cars engaged in taxi passenger transport should be equipped with a safety officer; Fully self-driving cars engaged in taxi passenger transport can use remote safety officers when operating in designated areas with the consent of the people’s governments of districts and cities under the premise of ensuring safety, and the ratio of remote safety officers to vehicles shall not be less than 1:3. Safety officers shall receive training in self-driving car technology and related transportation business, be familiar with the provisions of road traffic safety laws and regulations, the operation skills of different levels of self-driving systems, be familiar with the running routes of self-driving cars, and have the ability to take over vehicles in an emergency. After the automatic driving function of self-driving cars is changed or updated and upgraded, the self-driving transport operators should strengthen the on-the-job training of safety officers in time to ensure that they can master new functions, new technologies and new requirements in time. Safety personnel shall comply with the relevant regulations and requirements for the management of employees in the field of transportation and obtain the qualifications of corresponding business categories.
VII. Safety and security
(1) Safety production system.
Self-driving transport operators should fulfill the main responsibility of production safety, and establish and implement operational safety management systems, including but not limited to the responsibility system for all employees’ production safety, vehicle technical management system, safety evaluation system, safety hidden danger investigation and management system, dynamic monitoring management system, network safety management system, employee safety management system, key post safety operation procedures, safety production and emergency response education and training plan, etc.
(2) Transportation security.
Self-driving transport operators should establish and improve the transport safety guarantee system. Before the formal operation, they should formulate the transport safety guarantee scheme for self-driving vehicles, and clarify the design and operation conditions, staffing, operational safety risk list, grading control measures and emergency response measures of self-driving vehicles. Self-driving transport operators should sign agreements with automobile production enterprises and safety officers, clarify the rights, responsibilities and obligations of all parties, and organize professional demonstration and safety risk assessment of transport safety guarantee schemes. The transportation safety guarantee scheme and safety risk assessment report shall be informed to the transportation authorities, public security traffic police departments and emergency management departments at the place of operation. Self-driving transport operators should ensure transport safety; If there are major hidden dangers that cannot guarantee transportation safety, the automatic driving transportation operation should be suspended in time according to law.
(3) Operation status information management.
Self-driving transport operators should ensure that the vehicle is in good technical condition and operate according to the vehicle instruction manual. Self-driving cars engaged in road transport business should have the functions of recording, storing and transmitting vehicle running state information, and transmit key running state information to the self-driving transport operators and relevant competent departments in the operation area in real time. When an accident happens to a vehicle or the automatic driving function fails, the running state information of at least 90 seconds before the accident should be automatically recorded and stored. The running status information includes but is not limited to the following 10 items: vehicle identification (frame number or vehicle number plate information, etc.); Vehicle control mode; Vehicle position; Motion states such as vehicle speed, acceleration and driving direction; Environmental perception and response state; Real-time status of vehicle lights and signals; 360-degree video monitoring outside the vehicle; In-vehicle video and voice monitoring that reflects the state of human-computer interaction between the driver and the vehicle; Remote control instructions received by the vehicle (if any) and vehicle fault conditions (if any).
(4) Vehicle dynamic monitoring.
If the vehicle conforms to the Measures for the Dynamic Supervision and Management of Road Transport Vehicles and the relevant provisions of the state, it is necessary to strengthen the dynamic monitoring of self-driving vehicles, monitor and manage the vehicle operation area, operation line and operation status, and promptly remind and correct and deal with illegal acts. The transportation authorities at the place of operation should urge the self-driving transport operators to strengthen the dynamic management of transport vehicles and safety personnel.
(5) Safety notification.
Self-driving cars should be marked with eye-catching patterns, words or colors on the body to clearly inform other traffic participants of their self-driving status. Operators who use self-driving cars to engage in urban bus and tram passenger transport, taxi passenger transport and road passenger transport should inform passengers of the automatic driving function, safe riding knowledge, the use of safety facilities, emergency escape methods and other matters by playing videos or posting signs.
(6) Emergency handling.
Self-driving transport operators should formulate emergency plans for the operation of self-driving cars, clarify the types and levels of emergencies, disposal methods, emergency response procedures, division of responsibilities and safeguard measures, and organize regular emergency drills. In case of vehicle failure or safety accident during the operation of self-driving cars, self-driving transport operators should start emergency response according to the requirements of emergency plan and make emergency treatment; In case of casualties in production safety accidents, it should be reported to the competent department of transportation in time in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.
Eight, supervision and management
(1) Daily supervision.
The competent department of transportation shall, jointly with relevant departments, strengthen the supervision and management of self-driving automobile transportation business activities, carry out supervision and inspection in accordance with the requirements of "double randomness and openness", and set their functions and powers according to law to urge self-driving automobile production enterprises and self-driving transportation operators to carry out road transportation business activities in strict accordance with relevant national laws and regulations to ensure transportation safety. Local transportation authorities may formulate safety requirements and measures higher than these guidelines in light of local conditions.
(2) rectification of hidden dangers.
If there are major safety hazards in using self-driving cars to engage in road transport business activities, the transportation authorities at the place of operation shall, jointly with relevant departments, determine their functions and powers according to law and order self-driving car manufacturers and self-driving transport operators to make rapid rectification. If transportation safety cannot be guaranteed, it shall be dealt with according to laws and regulations such as the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Safety in Production, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety and the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Transportation.
(3) Information feedback.
If there are technical defects, hidden dangers and problems in the operation of self-driving cars, the self-driving transport operators should give feedback to the relevant competent departments in accordance with the law, and the relevant competent departments should urge the automobile production enterprises to quickly investigate and rectify, eliminate potential safety hazards in time and ensure production safety. The transportation authorities in the place of operation should regularly monitor and summarize the local autonomous driving operation services and master the industry safety and operation services. Provincial transportation authorities should report to the Ministry before the end of each year on the operation of self-driving automobile transportation within their respective jurisdictions.