月度归档： 2025 年 4 月

Gong Fangbin： What profound changes are taking place in China？

　　作者：国防大学教授、博士生导师　公方彬

　　十八大以来的四年间，中国正在发生且继续发生着三大变化，又是这三大变化，影响和决定着党、国家、民族，以至我们每个人的未来。

　　第一、党内政治生态发生变化

　　在过去很长时间里，全党乃至社会一再诟病，党内出现信仰失重、行为失规、道德失范、心理失衡。表现出来的就是权力寻租比比皆是，包括周永康、郭伯雄、徐才厚这些身处高位的高级领导干部走向堕落。

Gong Fangbin: What profound changes are taking place in China?

　　十八大后，以最高领袖同志为核心的党中央从严治党，采取“定规矩，惩奸恶，扬正气”。或者说，“上树信仰、中立价值坐标、下划红线”，已经和继续改变着党内政治生态，因此改变着党的走向。

　　The change of political ecology is the most fundamental change. Only by ecological optimization can we jump out of the historical cycle, such as avoiding anti-corruption becoming "cutting leeks". Judging from the situation of inner-party construction, positive energy is rapidly condensed. While "dare not rot" has become a reality, the system of ensuring "can’t rot" has been continuously improved and promoted, and the spirit and value pursuit of supporting "don’t want to rot" has begun to be endogenous. It is thus asserted that the "turning point" of the inner-party political ecology has arrived.

　　Of course, the significance and value of the formation of a new political ecology are by no means limited to anti-corruption. The key is that the mentality, value orientation and behavior of party member cadres, especially senior leading cadres, have changed. Bad political ecology will make the members of the group move in the direction of their own interests, while ignoring or even damaging the interests of the party and the people. A good political ecology is the opposite.

　　It is certain that as long as we persist in the "Do not forget your initiative mind", especially fully implement the "initial intention" in the actions of every leading cadre in party member, especially in party member, the party’s ruling ability will be continuously strengthened, and party building will enter a new virtuous circle.

　　Second, the social and humanistic ecology has changed.

　　The party style determines the political style, which in turn affects the folk customs. Because of the change of political ecology, it has more and more profound influence and even changed the social humanistic ecology. However, the change of humanistic ecology must be counter to political ecology, and the two are mutual motivations and complement each other.

　　What elements are contained in the improved or changing humanistic ecology? Including: reconstruction of spiritual world, adjustment of value pursuit, determination of interpersonal relationship and social relationship. These elements are fundamental because they lay the cultural foundation of a nation and constitute the humanistic character of a nation. Therefore, the change of humanistic ecology is destined to profoundly influence and even determine the dynamic foundation and direction of the Chinese nation.

　　It can be seen from the change of the concept of "official standard" that the humanistic ecology has changed and is changing. China’s dynasties have never really solved the problem of power corruption, which is rooted in the failure to solve the "metaphysics" of officials, that is, the spiritual world and value pursuit that have not provided the basis of modern political views. Since "learning to be excellent is to be an official", "being an official for food and clothing", and "being an official with one person makes a chicken and a dog ascend to heaven" … … Then, the hierarchical interest is the power system, even the motive force, of officials and even the whole society.

　　Successive dynasties have repeatedly strengthened the "official standard" and the phenomenon of "power takes all" has emerged, which has led to tensions within the system, social contradictions and class conflicts, and more fundamentally distorted the public’s pursuit of value. Why is the originality of the clever Chinese nation so weak? It must be related to "power takes all" distorting people’s pursuit of value. Being an official can get everything. How can anyone be addicted to the creation of science and culture? Without the creativity of civilization, it is not impossible for a nation to stand on the commanding heights of human civilization and play a leading role.

　　In fact, no matter how great a political party or powerful a government is, it is impossible to satisfy people’s excessive desires. Excessive mobilization of people’s desires is bound to be the more fruitful economic achievements, and the more social contradictions and conflicts there are. Without the balance between spirit and matter, people are doomed to be in pain forever and cannot extricate themselves.

　　The supreme leader guides the society by systematic engineering. He "upholds faith" and emphasizes that "the people have faith, the nation has hope, and the country has strength". This great emphasis on faith is clearly reflected in the speech commemorating the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Party, the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Long March and the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. He regulated the power boundary and the behavior of officials, and demanded that "the communication between officials and businessmen should be respectful, and there should be no backslapping", and that "if you want to be an official, you should not want to get rich, and if you want to get rich, you should not want to be an official" … … These ideas have been institutionalized, directly affecting the values of officials and even the people, and then forming a new humanistic ecology beyond history.

　　We have seen that a large number of officials who come for profit are squeezing out the "officialdom". When officials generally establish a new value system, the officialdom ecology is purified, the social and humanistic ecology is improved, China’s science and technology are prosperous, and the sound economic development has a solid foundation, and the Chinese nation has the ability to lead the world.

　　Third, the ecology of China’s participation in the world is changing.

　　China used to be a big country, but it has been far away from the center of the world for nearly a hundred years. The Opium War was the turning point. Since then, it has gone from bad to worse, and over time it has created a "weak country mentality" and behavior style, which is sometimes incompatible with the world. This is actually the international ecology in which we live.

　　If we distinguish the international ecology we live in, there have been three states in the century and a half since 1840: from Lin Zexu, the first person who opened his eyes to see the world, to the founding of New China, the world in Chinese’s eyes is vague, and the number of people who really have the world height, world vision and world mind is extremely limited. Even Lin Zexu, at that time, thought that the legs of the British army would not bend, and they could not get up as long as they were knocked down with bamboo poles. He even asked the officers and men to prepare a large number of filthy things to deal with the British gun attack.

　　After the founding of New China, China had "two bombs and one satellite" and won the war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea. These achievements gave Chinese a rare self-confidence, which, to a certain extent, made a nation who had been kneeling for a long time straighten up. Of course, because we still lack a real understanding of the world and international thinking, we still took a detour. For example, during the period of participating in the international communist movement, there were ideals higher than reality, passions more than rationality, and they still tried to save the "people of the world in dire straits" when they could not eat. Revolutionary enthusiasm with a serious ignorance of the world is doomed to be a tragedy.

　　Before the 18th National Congress of China’s Reform and Opening-up, China, which was led by Deng Xiaoping and continued the Deng Xiaoping route, began to break its closed door, more people went abroad, and began to understand that "the world used to be like this". Because they knew the world, they caught up and finally achieved the development achievements of the world’s second largest economy. To sum up, Deng Xiaoping’s reform and opening up is to let people know about the world and try to shorten the gap between advanced countries. The participation of countries and people in the world at this stage is passive and limited.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the supreme leader has led the new central collective leadership, which has not only put forward the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, but also been accompanied by a series of measures, including the Belt and Road Initiative and the AIIB, as well as the "China Plan" put forward at the G20 meeting. Goals and behaviors, or China, who participates in the formulation of world rules, take the people of the whole country as the main body. Since they are the main body, they must think independently, and they must make their own judgments by observing the world. In the long run, it will certainly create mature nationals of big countries, and then let the Chinese nation have the ability to lead human civilization forward.

　　This is the root of China’s rise as a great power.

Experts suggest that the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees should be revised in time to fully implement the paid annual leave system.

　　□ Our reporter Zhu Ningning

　　Near the Qingming holiday, many people have no plans to travel. Since this year’s Qingming holiday coincides with Wednesday, a short day has made many people give up the idea of going out for a holiday directly. In fact, in the past, the practice of "taking a break" to make up a small holiday also attracted many people to "spit", and related topics often rushed to hot search. Therefore, for a long time, there has been a constant call for implementing the paid annual leave system and realizing off-peak travel.

　　As early as 1994, China established the legal system of paid annual leave in the Labor Law. In 2008, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations), which clarified the rights of employees to paid annual leave in the form of the State Council Order. However, for a long time, the implementation of paid annual leave for employees in practice is worrying, especially the situation that employees in manufacturing enterprises enjoy paid annual leave is very unsatisfactory, and even becomes a "paper right".

　　"China is accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other. The new development pattern needs to establish an effective system to expand domestic demand and fully implement paid annual leave. " Wang Xianyong, a professor at the School of Civil and Commercial Economics of China University of Political Science and Law, pointed out in an interview with the reporter of Rule of Law Daily that speeding up the process of amending the law and amending the Regulations in a timely manner will provide legal protection for the paid annual leave to truly land and protect the rights of workers.

　　Many factors make it impossible to realize paid annual leave effectively.

　　According to a survey data of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, nearly half of the people did not enjoy paid annual leave. According to calculate length, a working employee, China’s per capita paid annual leave is about 10 days, but in fact, the per capita paid annual leave is only 6.29 days, and the employees in private enterprises are even less than 4 days. More than 72% of the employees in private enterprises have not fully enjoyed the Chinese New Year leave.

　　"The statutory obligation of the employer to take paid annual leave has been transformed into an alternative economic compensation obligation, which directly leads to the failure to realize paid annual leave." Analyzing the reasons for the difficulty in landing paid annual leave, Wang Xianyong believes that this is one of the main reasons.

　　According to the Regulations, if an employer fails to arrange annual leave or pay alternative economic compensation, the labor administrative department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit. If it fails to make corrections within the time limit, in addition to ordering the employer to pay annual leave salary, the employer shall also pay compensation to the workers according to the amount of annual leave salary. However, this provision is somewhat "deformed" in reality. In practice, it often happens that paid annual leave is equal to money compensation. Taking into account various factors such as enterprise benefits and labor shortage, some employers calculate the "economic account" and directly use compensation instead of giving employees a holiday, while some workers are willing to voluntarily give up paid annual leave and replace it with monetary compensation for overtime pay.

　　In addition, in Wang Xianyong’s view, the implementation mechanism of administrative intervention in labor disputes is difficult to achieve effectively, which is also an important reason why paid annual leave cannot be fully implemented.

　　"According to the regulations, the labor administrative department shall investigate the legal consequences of illegal acts through labor inspection. However, labor inspection alone cannot effectively implement the legal system of paid annual leave. " Wang Xianyong said, on the one hand, in the face of a large number of employers and all kinds of illegal acts within the scope of the labor law, labor inspection is often inadequate. On the other hand, because the supervision cost and litigation risk should be borne by the labor administrative department, it is easy to lead to the subjective reluctance of the labor administrative department to intervene in supervision, hoping that the workers can solve it through labor arbitration or litigation.

　　Give full play to the role of paid annual leave to promote the development of tourism market

　　"Better rest" is to "work better". Paid annual leave not only helps to safeguard the workers’ right to rest and vacation, but also improves their quality of life. In 2022, the National Federation of Trade Unions’ "Network Special Survey of Workers’ Quality of Life" data showed that nearly 60% of workers thought that "more leisure time and richer spiritual and cultural life" was the main embodiment of the quality of life, ranking second only to income.

　　At the same time, off-peak vacations can also ease holiday traffic congestion and further stimulate tourism consumption. According to a survey, 76.31% of employees in manufacturing enterprises want to travel, read, watch exhibitions or watch movies during their leisure time due to their high work intensity, and increase spending on cultural and leisure activities in the future.

　　In 2015, "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Building Harmonious Labor Relations" regards the implementation of paid annual leave as an important task in building harmonious labor relations with China characteristics. In December 2019, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other nine departments jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Improving the Holiday Travel Environment and Promoting Tourism Consumption", proposing to intensify efforts to implement paid vacations for employees and promote off-peak travel. The 14th Five-Year Plan clearly proposes to improve the holiday system and fully implement the paid vacation system.

　　"From a micro point of view, the implementation of paid vacation may affect the interests of enterprises, but from a macro point of view, the implementation of paid vacation is an important means to promote tourism recovery and promote consumption, and it is also an important method to solve the obvious high and low peaks of tourism and the unbalanced allocation of public service resources." Hu Bin, member of the Expert Committee on the Rule of Law of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and executive director of the zhejiang university city college Research Center on the Rule of Law of Culture and Tourism, believes that at present, the top-level design of the paid vacation system is basically available, and the key is to implement it. He suggested that the system should promote the docking of paid vacation with incentive tourism and welfare tourism, appropriately solve the worries of enterprises, and take the implementation of paid vacation as an important basis for enterprise rewards and punishments, credit and rating. At the same time, we should also promote the content of paid leave to be written into the labor format contract and enter the collective labor negotiation.

　　It is worth mentioning that during the two sessions of the National People’s Congress this year, many deputies paid attention to the issue of paid annual leave.

　　Wu Guoping, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of Wuxi Nianhuawan Cultural Investment Development Co., Ltd., proposed that the paid vacation system should be truly implemented, so as to fundamentally solve the problem of balance in the off-peak season and improve the satisfaction of tourists in the peak season.

　　Jiang Guangping, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, vice-chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and secretary of the Secretariat, suggested in the Proposal on Really Implementing the System of Paid Annual Leave that policies related to paid annual leave should be enforced, regulations on enterprises violating legal responsibilities should be improved, constraints on the implementation of annual leave should be strengthened, it is forbidden for enterprises to cancel employees’ annual leave by agreement unless there are special circumstances, and clear provisions should be made for cases where enterprises really cannot arrange employees’ annual leave due to work needs. At the same time, he suggested increasing the cost of illegal activities and appropriately raising the standard of administrative punishment for illegal activities. Strengthen the accountability of labor inspection departments, pay attention to the supervision function of trade unions, promptly punish enterprises and enterprise leaders who violate the provisions of paid annual leave for employees, and demand rectification within a time limit to effectively safeguard the rights and interests of employees.

　　It is suggested that the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees be revised in due course.

　　"The reason why employers want to give workers paid annual leave for a certain period of time is because annual leave is for workers to live ‘ The normal life that ordinary people should have ’ The minimum working conditions necessary to maintain the minimum living standard of workers. " Talking about why workers should be given paid annual leave for legal days, Wang Xianyong pointed out that paid annual leave has surpassed the private rights and interests of both employers and employees and entered the category of social public interest, which belongs to the scope of labor standards.

　　In his view, to fully implement paid annual leave, it is necessary to establish the principle of compulsory paid annual leave, change the current paid annual leave system model, and build an implementation mechanism for fully implementing paid annual leave.

　　"China’s current legal system of paid annual leave adopts the institutional model of confirming rights, setting alternative economic compensation obligations and administrative intervention in labor disputes. Under this model, whether the employer fails to fulfill its legal obligations in violation of the law or fulfills its legal obligations according to law, paid annual leave may not be effectively realized. " Wang Xianyong said. In view of this, he suggested that the "Regulations" should be revised in a timely manner, and the implementation mechanism of the right to paid annual leave with multiple comprehensive mechanisms should be established through the revision of the law.

　　Regarding the key points of amending the law, Wang Xianyong pointed out that, first, it is clear that paid annual leave has the dual attributes of labor standards and claims. The benchmark of paid annual leave is a compulsory public law obligation borne by the employer to the state. Implement the principle that paid annual leave must be taken, and establish an administrative law enforcement implementation mechanism for the benchmark of paid annual leave. Secondly, the disputes over paid annual leave between workers and employers return to labor disputes, including the disputes over annual leave requesting actual leave, annual leave requesting payment of annual leave salary and annual leave requesting payment of alternative monetary compensation. Third, the law can authorize the labor administrative department to intervene in the paid annual leave dispute through administrative mediation. Fourth, trade unions help workers realize their rights and interests of paid annual leave through representative mechanism and legal supervision mechanism.

　　Comics/Li Xiaojun　　

Expert advice is coming! Dragon Boat Festival is approaching, can realgar wine be drunk？

　　Dragon Boat Festival is one of the most representative traditional festivals in China. When it comes to Dragon Boat Festival, we have to talk about all kinds of folk customs related to it. Drinking realgar wine is one of them. On the Internet shopping platform, many stores sell realgar wine. Some online stores indicate that the products are not drinkable, while others say they are drinkable.

　　In the legend of the White Snake, lady white snake drank realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival, thus showing his true colors. So can ordinary people drink realgar wine?

　　Many online stores sell realgar wine, and there are different opinions about whether it can be drunk.

　　The reporter searched for "realgar wine" on an Internet shopping platform and found many stores selling realgar wine. Different stores have various attitudes towards realgar wine.

　　Most stores will emphasize that the main function of realgar wine is to "ward off evil spirits", followed by insect repellent. In many online stores selling realgar wine, the function of realgar wine to exorcise evil spirits will be highlighted, and some stores will write more specifically that the function of realgar wine is to "modulate vermilion powder, open the light and draw symbols" and "enlighten wisdom". A few stores will emphasize that it has the effects of insect repellent and itching relief.

　　In the use of realgar wine, most stores are cautious and generally require "dripping or smearing" to avoid a lot of contact. There are also a few stores that have marked the precautions such as "No forehead writing", "High risk, please be careful" and "Only suitable for writing arms". Some customer service staff also told reporters that their own realgar wine can be drunk, and the alcohol degree is 42 degrees.

　　Drink or not? The custom of drinking realgar wine caused controversy.

　　In many places, the custom of drinking realgar wine on Dragon Boat Festival has been preserved to this day. However, different from the custom of eating zongzi, which has been developing continuously in the process of spreading, people have been talking about it more and more. Whether or not to drink realgar wine has aroused everyone’s discussion.

　　According to traditional customs, realgar wine has the functions of exorcising evil spirits, killing insects and detoxifying. People add a small amount of realgar to wine, hoping to sterilize and repel insects. While children are not old enough to drink, they smear realgar wine on their bodies in order to disinfect and prevent diseases.

　　Modern medicine has found that the main component of realgar is arsenic sulfide, which has strong toxicity. Therefore, more and more people call for people to abandon the custom of drinking realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival.

　　Appropriately adjust the form of festival customs, and have a happy and safe holiday.

　　Can you drink realgar wine after the Dragon Boat Festival? Is it necessary to drink realgar wine at present? The reporter interviewed Yu Bo, director of the Center for Prevention of Diseases of Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

　　Director Yu told reporters that the Dragon Boat Festival is in midsummer, the weather is very hot and there are many mosquitoes. The level of medical care in ancient times was far less than that at present, so it was easier to get sick at this time, which is why the custom of Dragon Boat Festival is often related to health and epidemic prevention.

　　Realgar is a traditional Chinese medicine blindly. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, realgar has the efficacy of "treating sores and killing viruses" and can "avoid all evils and kill all insects". However, Compendium of Materia Medica also points out that realgar itself is toxic, and many people exaggerate the role of realgar blindly, which eventually leads to poisoning.

　　Director Yu pointed out that because the sanitary conditions of the ancients were far worse than now, it was understandable that they chose realgar to disinfect and kill insects, but drinking realgar wine was obviously not correct. "In fact, the ancients used realgar wine, which was rarely taken orally, and it was not taken many times. At most, it was ingested in a small amount. Realgar wine is more used as an external medicine to get rid of snake venom and drive away mosquitoes. " Realgar wine is not easily absorbed by human body when used externally, so it is basically safe to apply it or spray it indoors, but these functions actually have substitutes such as mosquito bites, mosquito incense and pesticides, so "just use it on the Dragon Boat Festival."

　　Director Yu said that we can reform this traditional habit, such as replacing realgar wine with ordinary yellow wine.

　　Correspondent Zhang Ming Mo Yufan

　　Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu Journalist Zhou Biying

Cultural China travels thousands of degrees, and molten iron turns into stars.

Science and Technology Daily reporter Sun Yue

The red molten iron, hit by a flower stick, hit the high flower shed, igniting firecrackers and fireworks at the top of the shed. Several floors of iron flower rain bloomed in the night sky, molten iron fell to the ground, and golden flowers splashed everywhere. The silver flowers of the fire tree are dazzling, adding a touch of bright color to people’s evening life.

Tiehua in Queshan, Henan Province is known as "the best folk fireworks". This year’s Spring Festival, Tie Hua, a representative project of national intangible cultural heritage, boarded the Spring Festival Evening at the reception desk, bringing New Year’s greetings to the people of the whole country. "I hope that this will be an opportunity to let more people know about Queshan Tiehua and let people feel the’ Millennium charm’ that has never been left behind for a thousand years." Yang Jianjun, the representative inheritor of Queshan Tiehua, a national intangible cultural heritage, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter on February 23rd.

Romantic password at 1600℃

It is a folk cultural performance skill gradually developed by Chinese ancient craftsmen in the process of casting utensils. It began in the Northern Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has a history of more than a thousand years. During the performance, the craftsmen took turns to beat the hot molten iron in the flower sticks to the flower shed built in advance. For a time, the iron flowers with a height of more than ten meters burst into bloom, expressing people’s good wishes for peace and good weather.

Hot molten iron, how to turn into iron flowers all over the sky? Ma Dandan, a member of Queshan Women’s Tiehua Team, said that the hot metal for tiehua should be "thin but not scattered, thick but not sticky". Therefore, in addition to broken iron, lime, calcium carbonate, magnesium powder and other ingredients should be added appropriately in the iron melting furnace to maintain the proper consistency of molten iron.

While the iron is hot, it is the art of steel and strength, and the most important thing is to "hit"-hit the hot metal high and open it. If you fight high, the hot metal will not hurt the shirtless florist; When it is opened, the iron flower will bloom happily.

After the molten iron is melted, the florist pours the molten iron into the hole at one end of the performer’s "flower stick". During the performance, the flower-beater holds the "upper stick" in his left hand and the "lower stick" in his right hand, with a gourd ladle painted with Tai Chi on his head. He is topless and looks like a warrior incarnating strength and beauty in the splash of Mars.

"If you want the iron flower to be beautiful, the technique is the most important." Ma Dandan said that in the process of beating iron flowers, the three movements of scooping, throwing and hitting must be coherent and clean. In addition, the weight of molten iron scooped out must be less than 2 Liang, the throwing angle must be 90 degrees, and the throwing height cannot exceed the height of a person. Only when you hit it high enough and scattered enough, the iron flower will look good.

The temperature of hot metal is as high as 1600℃, so the performance of playing iron flower is usually carried out in cold winter. Even so, scattered iron flowers are still easy to cause burns. There is a jargon in the flower while the iron is hot-"white is not red", to the effect that the flower can only be produced when the molten iron is incandescent. The orange-red molten iron with low temperature is a lump when it is produced. If it accidentally falls on people, it can give the skin a "very hot".

In the face of danger, shirtless flower-beaters are not daring, just to better protect themselves. Striking iron flowers is a strenuous activity. Large-scale sports will make performers sweat a lot, which can be turned into a "amulet" for the flower-beater to take the iron beads that landed on their bodies away to prevent their bodies from being burned. If you wear clothes, scattered iron beads will soon cause burns once they fall on clothes.

Magnificent momentum makes people clap their hands.

"Spring is the preface, and everything is in harmony; Iron flowers bloom and prosperity is peaceful. This is a blessing and a kind of inheritance. " Yang Jianjun said, "When I was a child, I saw the iron flower, which was so shocking." After the founding of New China, Queshan County held only one iron flower-beating activity in 1956 and 1962, but it was interrupted afterwards. After 10 years’ visit, Yang Jianjun finally sorted out and revived "Queshan Tiehua".

In 2002, Queshan County had a bumper harvest in agriculture, and the county decided to organize a flower fight. This is the first time after the reform and opening up, the government has come forward to organize the blacksmith flower. Yang Jianjun designed and built a flower shed. The event attracted more than 100,000 people and achieved unprecedented success. Since then, Yang Jianjun has taken his own performance team to perform in Beijing, Tianjin and other places. This long-lost folk traditional fireworks, with its thrilling grandeur, made the audience clap their hands and exclaim.

Yang Jianjun said that in recent years, Tiehua was deeply loved by the masses, and gradually evolved from the initial sacrificial ceremony to a pure Tiehua fireworks display.

During the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, Queshan county, city and countryside will hold activities to beat iron flowers, which will make the rich flavor of the year more mellow in the splash of iron flowers.

In recent years, more and more young people have joined the ranks of non-genetic inheritance, and they have rejuvenated the ancient non-legacy skills with unique perspectives and innovative expressions. "It is indeed dangerous to play with iron flowers, but I am sincerely gratified to see those young people who really love the art of playing with iron flowers." Yang Jianjun said.

Today, Yang Jianjun has organized three teams with more than 30 disciples, including the first women’s Tiehua team in China, and Jiang Xunqian, a cultural heritage blogger with tens of millions of fans, is one of them. They often come up with some new ideas, and try to integrate modern pop elements into them on the basis of retaining the original skills of striking iron flowers.

"There must be someone to pass on and carry forward such a beautiful thing while the iron is hot. Why can’t that person be me?" Jiang Xunqian said.

With the participation of young people, Yang Jianjun also began to try to shoot short videos to share the blooming moment of Tiehua on the Internet, which attracted many young fans. Nowadays, every major festival, Queshan’s iron flower team will fly to all parts of the country to perform, so that this iron flower that has been passed down for thousands of years will bloom more brilliantly.

Can husband and wife share the expenses of supporting the elderly？ The most practical tax declaration guide.

　　CCTV News:On January 1, 2019, the new Individual Income Tax Law, the Regulations for the Implementation of the Individual Income Tax Law and the Interim Measures for Special Additional Deduction of Individual Income Tax were officially implemented. There are many bright spots in this tax adjustment. The tax threshold is adjusted to 5,000 yuan per month. Individual taxpayers can enjoy six special additional deductions for children’s education, continuing education, serious illness medical care, mortgage interest, housing rent and support for the elderly. These measures pay more attention to benefiting people’s livelihood and are related to everyone’s money bag.　

　　How to enjoy such benefits? How to use the personal income tax APP software to fill in the special additional deduction information? CCTV reporter interviewed Ms. Song Guiqing, the department manager of Beijing Guofu Haohua Tax Agency, and sorted out 35 practical questions and answers in the process of tax declaration. Come and collect the tax reduction red envelope in 2019!

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　　On June 26, 2018, children from the Second Experimental Kindergarten in Rugao Economic Development Zone, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, learned to arrange flowers in the natural flower workshop at school. Vision china

　　Special additional deduction for individual tax — — Children education

　　1. My child is three years old, but he didn’t go to kindergarten. Can I deduct it?

　　A: It can be deducted from the child’s age of 3 (whether he is enrolled in the park or not) until the doctoral student graduates. One of the parents will deduct 1000 yuan every month, or both parents will deduct 500 yuan.

　　2. Can I deduct my children from overseas or private schools?

　　A: Yes, you can, whether you receive education at home or abroad. Whether you receive public education or private education, you can deduct it according to the regulations.

　　3. Can it be deducted during the winter and summer vacations of children at different stages of education?

　　A: You can continue to deduct during the winter and summer vacations.

　　4. Can the child continue to be deducted when he is out of school due to illness or when he goes to school?

　　Answer: As long as you keep your student status, you can continue to deduct it when you go to the army during your suspension or school.

　　5. When parents are divorced, the child belongs to the mother, but the father actually pays for it. Who will enjoy the policy?

　　A: The child’s father and mother will be deducted according to the existing policy after consultation.

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　　On December 22, 2018, Yantai, Shandong Province, the test center of the Tenth Middle School, the candidates who are preparing to take the postgraduate exam are reviewing. Vision china

　　Special additional deduction for individual tax — — continuing education

　　6. I took the CPA exam during my work, can I deduct the special item of continuing education? How to deduct?

　　Answer: I can deduct all the expenses of continuing education with qualified continuing education qualifications (degrees), professional qualifications of skilled personnel and professional and technical personnel. Expenditure on continuing education of academic qualifications (degrees) shall be deducted according to the monthly 400 yuan quota during the period of academic qualifications (degrees) education; The expenses for continuing education of technical personnel’s professional qualifications and professional and technical personnel’s professional qualifications will be deducted by a one-time quota of 3,600 yuan in the year when relevant certificates are obtained (it can be deducted when withholding in advance).

　　7. Is there a time limit for the special deduction of continuing education?

　　Answer: The expenses for continuing education of academic qualifications (degrees) can be deducted for up to 4 years (48 months), and the expenses for continuing education of technical personnel’s professional qualifications and professional and technical personnel’s professional qualifications can be deducted once in the year of obtaining the certificate.

　　8. What certificates can I obtain to apply for a special additional deduction for continuing education tax?

　　A: For the specific scope, please refer to the Notice of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Publishing the Catalogue of National Vocational Qualifications (No.68 [2017] of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security).

　　9. If a person changes his major after graduating from continuing education, can he be deducted again?

　　A: Yes. However, if you attend continuing education with two academic qualifications at the same time, you can only enjoy one deduction in that year.

　　10. Can I enjoy a double deduction of 3600 if I have obtained more than two qualified continuing education certificates in one year?

　　A: No. You can only enjoy the deduction of one vocational qualification certificate for continuing education in one year. But you can get another qualified certificate next year, so you can enjoy another deduction of 3600 yuan next year.

one

　　On August 2, 2017, citizens of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province handled business in the bank. Vision china

　　Special additional deduction for individual tax — — Housing loan interest

　　11. Can the second suite apply for a special tax deduction for housing loan interest?

　　Answer: The special tax deduction condition for applying for housing loan interest is: I or my spouse, individually or jointly using personal housing loans from commercial banks or housing accumulation funds, purchased housing in China for me or my spouse, and incurred the interest expenses of the first set of housing loans.

　　12. How to determine the first home loan?

　　Answer: It refers to the housing loan that enjoys the interest rate of the first home loan, regardless of whether the house is actually the first home of the family. Whether the housing loan interest expense conforms to the policy, you can consult the loan contract (agreement) or consult the bank or housing provident fund center that handles the loan.

　　13. If the husband and wife buy the first housing loan before marriage, how to deduct it after marriage?

　　A: You can choose one of them after marriage, and the buyer will deduct 1000 yuan every month; It is also possible for the husband and wife to deduct their own housing loan interest 500 yuan. And the couple can only deduct the interest on the first home loan once. The husband and wife agree on their own and choose one of them. According to the actual loan period, the longest loan period can not exceed 20 years (240 months).

　　14. Can the first commercial apartment loan enjoy loan interest deduction?

　　A: Commercial apartments do not belong to housing, nor can they enjoy the interest rate loan of the first home loan, so they cannot enjoy the loan interest deduction.

　　15. Is there a fixed standard for the interest rate of the first home loan?

　　A: There is no fixed standard. No matter how high the actual interest rate is, as long as the loan bank or provident fund loan contract indicates that it is the first set of housing loan interest rate, you can enjoy the deduction of housing loan interest.

one

　　Beijing tenant vision china

　　Special additional deduction for individual tax — — Housing rent

　　16. Both husband and wife work in the same city, can they deduct the special tax on housing rent at the same time?

　　Answer: Both husband and wife work in the same city, and two people can only choose one person and be deducted according to the standard for the lessee who signs the rental housing contract.

　　17. Both husband and wife have no housing, and their main cities of work are different. How to deduct the rent?

　　A: If the husband and wife don’t work in the same city and have no housing, they can be deducted separately according to the standard. According to the different types of main working cities, it is divided into three grades: 1500/1100/800 for deduction. The registered population of municipal districts shall be subject to the data published by the National Bureau of Statistics.

　　18. If a taxpayer works in Beijing, rents a house in Beijing, has a house in his hometown in Shanghai, and enjoys the interest rate loan of the first home loan, can he let his spouse enjoy the loan interest deduction and enjoy the housing rent deduction himself?

　　A: A family can only enjoy one of the two deduction policies of housing loan interest and housing rent, but not both. If the taxpayer and his spouse have housing in the taxpayer’s main working city, the special expenditure for housing rent is 1500 yuan per month/1100 yuan per month/800 yuan, which shall not be deducted.

　　19. Do I have to get a rental invoice to deduct the rental?

　　A: You can apply for deduction without an invoice.

　　20. How to deduct the housing rental expenses when two people share a house?　

　　A: As long as the name of the renter is on the lease contract, you can apply for deduction.

　　21. If you work near the Third Ring Road in Beijing, but the house is rented in Tongzhou, can you deduct it?

　　A: You can deduct it. The scope of a city includes all administrative areas.

　　22. Our employees are relatively mobile, and they rent houses in several cities a year, or they have been sent abroad and rented houses in the local area in that year. How can I declare the special additional deduction for housing rent?

　　Answer: If your company has solved the accommodation problem for the expatriate employees, your employees will not be entitled to housing rent deduction, because the employees themselves have not incurred housing rent expenses. If the expatriate staff solve the problem of renting the house by themselves, such as changing the work place many times within one year, the individual should update the relevant information of special additional deduction to the withholding agent or tax authorities in time, and allow the deduction according to the situation of changing the work place within one year. Deduction standard: Deduction is based on the standard of the main working city.

one

　　On June 12, 2018, an old man walked past the public welfare billboard of "Happy Old Age" on a rural street in the suburbs of Nanjing. Vision china

　　Special additional deduction for individual tax — — Support for the elderly

　　23. If I have biological parents and adoptive parents at the same time, can I enjoy a monthly deduction of 4,000 yuan?

　　A: No. The expenses for supporting the elderly shall not be deducted by doubling the times of the old people being supported. The only child will be deducted 2000 yuan per month, and the non-only child will be deducted 2000 yuan in total. From the month when one of the dependents reaches the age of 60 to the end of the year when the maintenance obligation is terminated.

　　24. How many ways can multiple dependents share the deduction?

　　A: Multiple dependents can share equally, or they can agree to share or be assigned by the elderly. Designated allocation takes precedence over agreed allocation.

　　25. Is there a template for the sharing agreement?

　　A: There is no template for the sharing agreement, just list the items and the signatures of relevant people. This written sharing agreement should be kept for 5 years for future reference.

　　26. If I had a younger brother, I would give the elderly 2000 yuan in alimony every month, and my younger brother would not support the elderly. Can I deduct 2000 yuan a month, and my brother won’t deduct it?

　　A: No. If there are multiple dependents, the maximum deduction per person shall not exceed 1000 yuan.

　　27. Can my wife share the expenses of supporting the elderly with me?

　　A: No. Taxpayers can only deduct their own biological parents, adoptive parents or stepparents’ expenses for supporting the elderly. Similarly, the son-in-law can’t deduct the expenses of supporting the elderly from his parents-in-law.

　　28. For the one-child family, how can I enjoy the special additional deduction for supporting the elderly if my parents remarry after divorce?

　　A: For the one-child family, the family is re-established after the parents divorce. In the two newly established families, if the taxpayer is the only legal supporter of one or both of his biological parents, the taxpayer can enjoy a special additional deduction of 2,000 yuan per month to support the elderly according to the one-child standard. When filling in the special additional deduction information form, the taxpayer should indicate the relationship with the dependents. In addition to the above circumstances, it cannot be deducted according to the one-child standard.

one

　　Doctors and nurses in the ICU of the hospital are treating vision china, a dying patient.

　　Special additional deduction for individual tax — — Serious illness medical treatment

　　29. What is a serious illness, and is it defined?

　　A: There is no definition of the scope. If the medical expenses related to basic medical care incurred in hospitalization in one year exceed 15,000 yuan within the scope of the medical insurance catalogue after medical insurance reimbursement, they can be deducted within the limit of 80,000 yuan.

　　30. Can my child’s medical treatment for serious illness be deducted from me?

　　Answer: I can deduct my own, and I can also deduct the eligible medical expenses of my spouse and children. After deducting medical insurance reimbursement, the part of medical expenses related to basic medical insurance that has accumulated more than 15,000 yuan within the scope of medical insurance catalogue will be deducted within the limit of 80,000 yuan.

　　31. When can I start to deduct?

　　A: The medical expenses for serious illness that occurred in the first year of the implementation of the new tax law will not be processed until 2020. It will be deducted at the time of annual settlement and payment, but it cannot be deducted temporarily at the time of withholding and prepayment.

　　32. Can the taxpayer’s own, spouse and children’s serious illness medical expenses be deducted cumulatively in a year?

　　Answer: cumulative deduction is not allowed, and the deductible amount of the self-paid part within the scope should be calculated separately.

　　33. Can the child’s medical expenses for serious illness be shared and deducted by both parents?

　　A: You can’t share the deduction, you can only choose one parent to deduct according to law.

　　34. How to deduct the year-end award in 2018?

　　The Notice on the Connection of Preferential Policies after the Revision of the Individual Income Tax Law (Caishui [2018] No.164) points out that if individual residents get a one-time bonus for the whole year, which is in line with the provisions of the Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Adjusting the Calculation Method of Individual Income Tax (Guo Shui Fa [2005] No.9), they will not be incorporated into the comprehensive income of that year before December 31, 2021. Divide the annual one-time bonus income by 12 months, and determine the applicable tax rate and quick deduction according to the monthly converted comprehensive income tax rate table attached to this notice, and calculate the tax separately; Individual residents can get a one-time bonus for the whole year, or they can choose to be incorporated into the comprehensive income of the current year to calculate tax payment.

　　Since January 1, 2022, individual residents have obtained a one-time bonus for the whole year, which should be incorporated into the comprehensive income of that year to calculate and pay personal income tax.

　　35. My information has been stolen and I have complained. Is my previous tax deducted too much? How can I check this?

　　You can take your ID card to the lobby of the tax bureau to check the tax payment information in previous years and compare the tax payment situation of the company.

　 　 　(Text/Li Shanshan)

After the diagnosis of cancer, the doctor was in no hurry to operate on the patient, but let him lose weight first. Why？

Original Zeng Ge Daily Popular Science Zeng Ge Daily Popular Science

Lao Wu, 50 years old, went to the hospital for examination because of bloody stool, and found out that it was rectal cancer. To have surgery, the doctor actually asked him to lose weight first.

I did CT scan of abdomen and chest, as well as MRI scan of pelvic cavity. Fortunately, distant organs such as liver and lung did not metastasize, but pelvic MRI showed that cancer invaded the whole layer of rectal wall, and there was pelvic lymph node metastasis, so it was considered to be stage III rectal cancer.

We suggest that he do concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy first, which can make the tumor shrink, improve the complete resection rate, reduce the recurrence rate, and increase the probability of preserving anus. Radiotherapy can last for a long time, and it is generally recommended to rest for about 8 weeks after radiotherapy, and then do surgery.

We also made a request to him, that is, during this period, he must lose weight well, because he is 170 cm tall, but his weight has reached 200 kg, and his body mass index has reached 34.6, which is seriously exceeding the standard. Moreover, Lao Wu is abdominal obesity, with a big belly and no fat arms and thighs.

Why do we let Lao Wu lose weight? Because surgeons are full of "discrimination" against fat people!

For some obese patients, surgeons often say that surgery is not easy to do, why not do it, mainly for the following reasons:

1. Obese patients have thick subcutaneous fat.

Many obese patients have a lot of stomachs. Compared with thin people, the subcutaneous fat is obviously thick. For example, the subcutaneous fat of thin people is only 0.5 cm, and that of fat people is 5 cm thick.

When doing laparotomy, the thin man will enter the abdominal cavity in a minute or two, while the fat man may take ten minutes before the doctor can cut the skin, thick subcutaneous fat, muscle and a thick layer of extraperitoneal fat, and finally enter the abdominal cavity.

When doing surgery, it is necessary to pull the abdominal wall of the patient to both sides, so as to expose the organs in the stomach, find the diseased organs or tissues, and then remove them.

We have all kinds of instruments, which are specially used to open the abdominal wall of patients. Such instruments are called retractor.

Obviously, the thin belly is easier to pull open, while the fat belly is too thick, so the doctor in charge of pulling the hook will be very hard and need to make great efforts.

We once had a rectal cancer operation. The patient was also a fat man weighing more than 200 kilograms. Two rotating students were responsible for pulling the hook. The operation was not easy to do, and it took five hours. Two students kept pulling the hook for five hours, which exhausted them.

After the operation, a classmate said, I hate fat people! Another student is relatively fat himself. He said that he must lose weight. In case he gets sick in the future, he doesn’t want to be like this patient.

After the lesion is removed, it is necessary to close the abdominal cavity and suture the surgical incision layer by layer. The fat man’s operation and closing the abdominal cavity are also technical activities. After the suture, the patient coughs and pushes hard, which is easy to split the wound. Moreover, the blood supply of adipose tissue is not very good, which is prone to incision fat liquefaction, incision infection and incision hernia.

2. The abdominal space of obese patients is small and inconvenient to operate.

Fat people not only have a fat belly, but also have a lot of visceral fat in the abdominal cavity. The omentum and mesentery are all adipose tissues, which occupy a lot of space in the abdominal cavity, resulting in a smaller space for surgical operation.

For example, when doing rectal cancer surgery, the rectum is already in the narrow pelvic cavity. If the adipose tissue around the rectum is particularly thick, it may occupy the entire pelvic cavity. When doing surgery, it is necessary to free the mesorectum from the pelvic cavity, which is very difficult to operate.

At this time, it is easy to lead to unclear anatomical levels, easy to damage blood vessels, nerves and other organs, causing collateral damage, increasing the difficulty of surgery and increasing the incidence of complications.

Therefore, it is not only difficult for fat people to have surgery, but also the incidence of complications is high. It is not that doctors discriminate against obese people. It is indeed that the difficulty of surgery is much higher than that of thin people. It is difficult for particularly obese patients to have surgery. For your health, everyone must lose weight!

Original title: "When cancer is diagnosed, the doctor is not in a hurry to operate on the patient, but let him lose weight first. Why? 》

Read the original text

About ＂Hui＂ Goddess Festival, Henan Scenic Area launched welfare policy.

　　March is a good time for an outing! International Women’s Day is coming, and the scenic spots in Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Luoyang and Xinxiang have prepared exclusive surprises and romance for the ladies.

　　A few days ago, the reporter sorted out the preferential ticket welfare policies for the "Goddess Festival" in our province’s scenic spots. Taking advantage of this great season of spring, we quickly took a brisk step to go hiking and have a beautiful encounter with nature!

　　Zhengzhou

　　Zhengzhou Jianye film townlet

　　From March 1 ST to March 19 th, the film town will launch 138 yuan/double (at least one person is a woman), during which the park will also launch a half-price discount for dressing.

　　Zhengzhou fangte tourist resort

　　Goddess Day comes for you. Zhengzhou Fant Happy World and Fant Dream Kingdom offer half-price discount for exclusive tickets for women. Purchase time: from now until March 7, and use time: March 4 to March 8. During this period, the park will also launch a limited fun DIY activity for the Goddess Festival to customize your exclusive holiday gifts.

　　Yinji international tourist resort

　　From March 8 th to 26 th, the Silver-based Animal Kingdom will launch a discount ticket of 218 yuan/person and a parent-child package of 458 yuan; From March 2nd to 4th, the live broadcast of Animal Carnival in Tik Tok, a silver-based animal kingdom, will be promoted by an official live broadcast. From March 5 th to 26 th, Silver-based Ice and Snow World launched a double ticket of 168 yuan and a two-child package of 218 yuan.

　　Dengfeng daxiong mountain scenic spot

　　From March 4 th to March 8 th, Dengfeng Daxiong Mountain Scenic Area implemented free tickets for ladies and free tickets for glass overpass, with half-price concessions for men.

　　Fuxishan tourist area

　　Adult ticket to Yunshang Ranch 68 yuan; 68 yuan for adults and 58 yuan for children in Xiaoma Plateau (including the red stone forest round-trip cableway); Adult ticket for Sanquan Lake Scenic Area 40 yuan; Adult ticket for Fuxi Grand Canyon, 30 yuan. From March 3rd to March 5th, Fuxi Mountain Tourist Area has prepared wonderful activities for tourists, during which ladies and children who enter the park can get a small gift.

　　Luoyang

　　Luoyang laojunshan

　　From March 7th to 9th, ladies can enjoy the scenic spot free of charge, and men can enjoy the tickets at half price (the original ticket price of Laojun Mountain Scenic Spot is 100 yuan/person). Appointment method: Meituan.com, Tongcheng.com, Ctrip.com and other OTA platforms, search for "Laojun Mountain Scenic Area", and make real-name reservations for "ladies’ tickets" and "men’s tickets". After the appointment is successful, you will enter the park on the day of admission with your valid ID card or order QR code.

　　Chongdugou

　　On March 8th, tickets are free for ladies and half price for men (the original price of tickets for scenic spots is 120 yuan/person, and 5 yuan insurance is required).

　　Tianhe grand canyon

　　The scenic spot is scheduled to officially start the reception work in 2023 on March 1. Tianhe Zhongzhou International Resort Hotel and Jingyuan B&B are open simultaneously. Preferential policies: all tourists are free of tickets (5 yuan insurance is required) and the Wushengfeng cableway is half price. The preferential period is from March 1 to March 31.

　　Zhuhai wildlife park

　　From March 8 th to March 12 th, send gifts for five consecutive days! Ms. 38 yuan and men are priced at 138 yuan at half price, including tickets+cableway round trip+sightseeing bus+beast car, and one ticket is all included.

　　Yangzi Valley

　　From March 7 to March 12, the scenic spot will offer free tickets for women and half-price concessions for men (the original ticket price of the scenic spot is 45 yuan/person, and 5 yuan insurance is required).

　　Wangfu Zhuhai holiday tourist area

　　From March 6th to March 8th, tickets are free for ladies in the scenic spot and half price for men in the same trade (5 yuan insurance is required).

　　Luoyang Qingyao Mountain

　　From March 4 to March 12, the scenic spot is free of tickets for women all over the country (5 yuan/person is required to be insured). In addition, from March 1 to March 12, tourists can get a ticket for the scenic spot by video at the ticket window. Tickets received will be used until March 31, 2023. Please consult the scenic spot for specific requirements.

　　Xinxiang

　　Xinxiang South Taihang-Baligou Scenic Area

　　From March 1st to March 8th, tickets are free for ladies and half price for men (40 yuan/person is required for transportation).

　　Xinxiang Baoquan scenic spot

　　From March 4 th to March 8 th, the scenic spot launched the ticket activity of "Half-price discount for ladies and men", during which millions of tulips in Baoquan competed to bloom, and romantic atmosphere fluttered everywhere in the park.

　　Jiaozuo

　　Jiaozuo Yuntai Mountain Scenic Area

　　From March 1 ST to 19 th, the scenic spot introduced the welfare policy of free tickets for women and half-price tickets for men for tourists from all over the country. At the same time, the 5th Yuntai Mountain Hanfu Flower Festival in 2023 will be grandly opened on March 11th.

　　Jiaozuo Qingtianhe scenic spot

　　From March 1 to 19, tickets are free for women (2 yuan insurance is required), and half price for men is 20 yuan/person. It is estimated that the flowering period of 10,000 mu of Peach Blossom Sea in Qingtianhe River will begin in early March, and the full flowering period will be from mid-March to early April.

　　Jiaozuo jiayingguan

　　From March 4 th to March 8 th, the scenic spot is free for women and half price for men all over the country. At the same time, those who have been awarded honorary titles such as "March 8th Red Flag Bearer" and "Women’s Model Worker" by women’s federations at or above the municipal level can enjoy the policy of free tickets with a fellow traveler.

　　In the meantime, every day, the top three visitors pay attention to WeChat official account, forward the copy+pictures to Tik Tok and WeChat friends circle, and they can wear Qing Dynasty costumes for free to experience crossing photos.

　　Nanyang

　　Nanyang Laojie Mountain scenic spot

　　From March 4 th to March 12 th, the scenic spot implemented a preferential policy of free tickets for female tourists across the country.

　　Anyang

　　Hongqi canal scenic spot

　　On March 8 th, the scenic spot was free of tickets for women all over the country.

　　Taihang grand canyon

　　From March 1 ST to March 12 th, women all over the country are free to enter the scenic spot (they need to buy 60 yuan/person transportation fee), and men are half-price (tickets are half-price 40 yuan/person +60 yuan/person transportation fee), excluding selective consumption items in the scenic spot.

　　xinyang

　　Xinyang jigongshan

　　From March 3rd to March 12th, the scenic spot will exempt all female friends who come to visit the scenic spot from the tickets for the main scenic spot (they need to buy 5 yuan insurance with their ID cards).

　　Xijiu Huashan scenic spot

　　From March 8 th to March 12 th, the scenic spot will offer free tickets for women and half-price tickets for men (free tickets include: Longjin Xidi, Liumeng Valley and Zhongyuan Zhuzhai during the day).

Stable supply of agricultural production has been steadily improved.

　　In the first quarter, the agricultural production situation in Xinjiang continued to improve, and the construction of a national supply base for high-quality agricultural and livestock products accelerated. All localities have taken effective measures to ensure the smooth progress of spring ploughing production, further consolidate the food security and supply base of important agricultural products in the whole region, and continuously improve the supply level of important agricultural and livestock products.　

　　Statistics show that in the first quarter, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in the whole region30.138 billion yuan, calculated at comparable prices, up 6.9% year-on-year, the highest growth rate since the first quarter of 2014.　

　　The production of spring ploughing started smoothly.　

　　Recently, all parts of Xinjiang have seized the favorable opportunity of rising temperature, seized the agricultural time to promote the work of spring sowing and spring management, and implemented the grain production task to the letter in counties, cities, villages and specific plots, laying a solid foundation for the annual agricultural harvest.　

　　"The application of Beidou navigation and other technologies has greatly improved the quality of sowing." Huang Shaotang, a villager from Haote Haoer Village, Hatubuhu Town, Wusu City, Xinjiang, said that in 2024, he planted corn with intelligent agricultural machinery for precise sowing, which saved manpower and agricultural materials and achieved cost savings and efficiency gains in the sowing process. With the support of advanced production technology, his corn yield is expected to exceed 1.4 tons, and the average net income per mu is about 1200 yuan.　

　　A year’s plan lies in spring, and the relationship between agricultural production in spring and the quality of agricultural harvest throughout the year.In the spring of 2024, there were many unfavorable weather such as cooling and strong winds, and the progress of spring sowing in various places was affected to some extent. To this end, according to the actual production, all localities mobilized agricultural technicians to go deep into the fields, strengthened service guidance, ensured that all field management measures were put in place in spring, and minimized the weather impact.　

　　At the same time, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region strengthened communication and consultation with meteorological departments, timely released disaster warning information, put forward specific disaster prevention and mitigation measures, and guided all localities to do disaster prevention, mitigation and relief work. Set up a state service working group and send it.Twenty-one senior agricultural technology experts went deep into 21 major grain and cotton producing counties in the whole region to provide technical services, do a good job in water and fertilizer management, pest control and other work, and strive to promote the large-scale yield increase of important agricultural products such as grain and cotton and improve the comprehensive agricultural production efficiency.　

　　The latest agricultural situation scheduling shows that at present, cotton and corn in southern Xinjiang have entered a large-scale sowing period, spring wheat in northern Xinjiang has been sown one after another, and corn and cotton in some areas have entered a large-scale sowing period. Crops have been sown in the whole region.More than 32 million mu, the planting progress is close to 40%, an increase of nearly 1 million mu compared with 2023.　

　　The basic guarantee is solid and powerful.　

　　How much water can be supplied in spring determines.How much land can be planted in 2024 and ensuring irrigation water in spring is very important for agricultural production throughout the year.　

　　Since the start of spring ploughing production, villagers in Grassland Village, Ruokeya Township, Minfeng County, Xinjiang have been busy dredging channels and diverting water for irrigation. Technicians from agriculture and water conservancy departments have come to the fields to provide farmers with technical guidance on field management and irrigation, so that services can reach the grassroots level, and the fields are busy.　

　　"In 2024, the spring irrigation is timely, the incoming water is sufficient, and there are technical personnel to guide, and the harvest will definitely be better than that in 2023." Villager Sdic Tulson said.　

　　Since 2024, the water conservancy department of the whole region has promoted the implementation of various tasks such as ensuring spring irrigation, helping spring ploughing and preventing spring flood according to the actual situation of water coming from rivers, reservoir storage, engineering water supply, crop seedling situation and soil moisture, and matched the spring irrigation water supply plan to rivers, water points, irrigation areas and fields on a monthly basis, worked out a reasonable agricultural irrigation water plan, strengthened scientific allocation, and ensured spring sowing water to the maximum extent.　

　　byOn April 10th, the total agricultural water supply in the whole region was 4.142 billion cubic meters, which was basically the same as the same period in 2023. The accumulated agricultural irrigation area reached 29.2944 million mu, 2.15 million mu more than the same period in 2023. Judging from the inflow of water from rivers and the storage of water in reservoirs, the supply of water resources in the whole region can meet the demand for spring irrigation water in 2024.　

　　Recently, with the full start of spring ploughing production, the whole region has entered the peak period of sales of agricultural materials such as seeds and pesticides. Xinjiang’s agricultural and rural areas, market supervision, supply and marketing departments have formed a joint effort, keeping a close eye on key products and regions, cracking down on illegal and criminal acts that infringe on farmers’ interests, resolutely safeguarding the normal circulation order of agricultural materials market, strengthening the docking of production and marketing, dispatching and distribution, ensuring timely and convenient supply, high quality and stable price, and allowing farmers to use agricultural materials with confidence.　

　　At the same time, all localities plan and prepare early, and carry out supervision and spot checks on the problems of fake and inferior seeds that harm farmers, insufficient fertilizers and nutrients, and poor quality of agricultural films, so as to stop fake and inferior agricultural materials from entering the market at the source and escort spring ploughing production and grain harvest.　

　　With the joint efforts of all parties,During the spring ploughing in 2024, the supply of agricultural products in Xinjiang was sufficient and the quality was stable. Illegal activities such as the manufacture and sale of fake and inferior agricultural products and the infringement of registration cards have been significantly reduced, and the problem of fake and inferior agricultural products has been effectively curbed.　

　　The development of aquaculture is full of stamina.　

　　The orderly development of spring ploughing has stabilized the agricultural production throughout the year."Basic plate", the efficient development of aquaculture has effectively boosted the growth of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in the whole region in the first quarter.　

　　Since 2024, Xinjiang has made overall plans for the production of pigs, cattle, sheep, poultry and fresh milk, promoted eco-environmental aquaculture on large water surfaces, and supported standardized transformation of ponds. The region’s animal husbandry has achieved rapid growth, the scale of slaughter has continued to expand, and characteristic aquaculture has flourished.　

　　Relying on advanced breeding technology, it is known asTurpan, known as the "Fire Island", makes rational use of local cold water resources and successfully breeds salmon that need cold water environment.　

　　"Although the temperature is high, the water temperature is constant." Zhao Zhongbin, director of the farm of Xinjiang Dacaohu Cold Water Fish Co., Ltd., said that the enterprise adopts land-based aquaculture technology to make rational use of the upstream Tianshan Yongquan water and maintain it in a reasonable temperature range. Even in the hottest time in Turpan, the water temperature will not exceed 18 C, which is suitable for the growth and development of salmon.　

　　Not only that, the cold water resources from the upstream pass through the salmon farm, circulate once, and then continue to flow into the farmland to irrigate crops with organic fertilizer (fish manure) through the seepage-proof canal, thus realizing the full utilization of water resources.In 2024, the annual salmon production of Xinjiang Dacaohu Cold Water Fish Co., Ltd. is expected to reach 500 tons to 800 tons, and its products will be sold to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities.　

　　In terms of animal husbandry, the whole region focuses on increasing the production and quantity of cattle and sheep, promoting sheep breeding farms to improve the quality of breeding animals, supporting the expansion of mutton sheep breeding farms and cooperatives, and building them in Xinhe County, Kuqa City, shache county and Yecheng County in southern Xinjiang.Four key counties of beef cattle industry actively stabilize dairy production. At the same time, we should do a good job in guiding the service of spring transition, lamb picking and child rearing, and the animal husbandry and veterinary departments at all levels should carry out compulsory immunization of major animal diseases in spring in an orderly manner, so as to "avoid all exemptions and leave no gaps" and lay the foundation for the high-quality development of animal husbandry.　

Sixteen, service industry and PMI statistics (9)

　　one　Q: How to find the statistical data about the development of service industry?

　

　　A: Since2017yearthreeSince January, the monthly statistical data reflecting the development of the service industry, that is, the service industry production index, has been published mainly through the monthly press release on the national economic operation of the official website of the National Bureau of Statistics (please refer to the Schedule of Publishing Major Statistical Information of the National Bureau of Statistics for specific time points), and can be queried through the "Monthly Data" of the National Statistical Data Publishing Library.

　

　　The annual statistical data on the development of transportation, warehousing and postal services, information transmission, software and information technology services, leasing and business services, scientific research and technical services, water conservancy, environment and public facilities management, residents’ services, repairs and other services, education, health and social work, culture, sports and entertainment, property management, real estate agency services, real estate leasing and other real estate industries can be found in China Statistical Yearbook, China III.

　

　　2　Q: How to find statistics about e-commerce?

　

　　Answer: The statistical data of enterprise e-commerce can be inquired through China Statistical Yearbook and China Tertiary Industry Yearbook. E-commerce transaction volume data can be queried through the Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development and the National Statistical Data Publishing Library "Annual Data".

　

　　three　Q: How to query the purchasing managers index of China manufacturing industry (PMI）？

　

　　A: The purchasing managers’ index of China manufacturing industry is generally on the morning of the last day of the month of investigation.half past nineFor external release, please refer to the Schedule of Major Statistical Information Release of the National Bureau of Statistics published on the website of the National Bureau of Statistics. In addition, each sub-index can be queried through the "monthly data" of the national statistical data publishing library.

　

　　four　Q:PMIHow to calculate the comprehensive and sub-index

　

　　A: Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (Purchasing Managers’Index, referred to asPMI) is an internationally accepted macroeconomic monitoring indicator, and it is also a leading indicator of global concern. The survey of purchasing managers in China manufacturing industry adopts the international common practice in data processing, that is, the classification index adopts the diffusion index method and the comprehensive index adopts the weighted composite index method.

　

　　PMICalculation method of classification index:PMIThe calculation of each classification index adopts the diffusion index method, that is, the percentage of positive answer plus half of the percentage of unchanged answer. The calculation formula is as follows:DI=Percentage of "Increase" option ×1+Percentage of "Flat" option ×0.5. Diffusion index has the characteristics of leading index, which can easily display the changing trend and range.

　

　　PMIIt is composed of new orders, production, employees, supplier delivery time, main raw material inventoryfiveThe comprehensive index is calculated by the diffusion index of each classification. The weights of each index are: new order index.thirty percent, production index25%, employee index20%, supplier delivery time index15%, main raw material inventory index10%; Among them, the supplier delivery time is an inverse index, which needs to be calculated in reverse. The formula for calculating the comprehensive index is as follows:PMI=New order ×30%+Production ×25%+Employees ×20%+(100-Supplier distribution) ×15%+Inventory of main raw materials ×10%. The manufacturing purchasing managers’ index ranges from0till/extremely100%Between,50%It is the critical point of expansion and contraction; super-50%, indicating that the manufacturing industry as a whole is in an expanding state; lower than50%, indicating that the manufacturing industry is generally in a state of contraction.

　

　　five　Q:PMIIs it year-on-year or month-on-month, is the Spring Festival factor excluded?

　

　　A: The survey of purchasing managers in China manufacturing industry is a monthly survey, and the indicators reflect the changes this month compared with last month. Therefore,PMIThe index is ring-on-ring. Purchasing managers’ survey is a monthly survey, and the data fluctuates greatly due to seasonal factors. In order to eliminate the influence of seasonal factors and ensure the comparability of monthly data, the National Bureau of Statistics conducted a survey in accordance with internationally accepted methods.PMISeasonally adjusted.,The Spring Festival factor has been eliminated. At present, our bureauPMIThe index adopts internationally acceptedX-13Seasonal adjustment method of model.

　

　　six　Q:PMIThe finished goods inventory index in is50%What is the meaning of?

　

　　A: Manufacturing.PMIEach classification index in the index system adopts the calculation method of diffusion index, and the inventory index of finished products is higher than that of finished products.50%, said the finished goods inventory increased month-on-month; Finished goods inventory index is equal to50%When, it means that the inventory of finished products is flat; Finished goods inventory index is lower than50%, said finished goods inventory decreased month-on-month.

　

　　seven　Q: Do the statistics of civil aviation and water transport volume include the data of non-China airlines or water transport companies?

　

　　A: The statistical object of civil air traffic volume is air transport enterprises registered in China, excluding foreign airlines flying in China. The statistical scope of waterway transportation volume refers to the transportation volume completed by ships engaged in the production of commercial passenger and cargo transportation, which has been approved and filed by the competent transportation department in China. Ocean-going vessels registered in other countries are not included.

　

　　eight　Q: How are trucks classified? Does it include trailers?

　

　　A: According to the current statistical system, China’s civil vehicles are divided into six categories: automobiles, trams, motorcycles, tractors and other types of vehicles. Among them, cars are divided into passenger cars, trucks and other cars according to their structure; According to different car owners, it is divided into individual (private) cars and unit cars; According to the nature of the car, it is divided into operating cars and non-operating cars; According to the size and specifications of cars, passenger cars are divided into large, medium, small and micro, and trucks are divided into heavy, medium, light and micro; Truck excl. trailer.

　

　　nine　Q: What is the statistical caliber of express delivery business?

　

　　Answer: Express delivery business volume refers to the total number of various express delivery services received and sent by express delivery enterprises that have obtained the express delivery business license in China’s postal administration department, and the express delivery enterprises entrusted by users are responsible for statistics. Including domestic express delivery business in the same city, domestic express delivery business in different places, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan express delivery business and international express delivery business.

　

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"Noble in Fruit" cherries are at least seventy or eighty per catty … Why is it so expensive? Isn’t a relatively cheap cherry not fragrant?

Compared with cherries, cherries do have many advantages. For example, the taste of cherry is sweet and sour, while cherries are pure sweet; For another example, the flesh of cherries is tight and super satisfying to bite, but cherries are thin and soft, and their appearance is not as attractive as cherries.

timg.jpg

▲ Attractive cherries, big, crisp and sweet. Graph/network

Aside from the taste and mouthfeel, the exotic name of cherries and its big and red appearance make you feel particularly attractive when you check out and give gifts. However, only you know the feeling of bleeding in your heart.

Cherries are so expensive, so I can’t eat cherries?

01　Why aren’t cherries called big cherries?

Let’s talk about whether cherries and cherries are the same thing.

Taxonomically speaking, cherries and cherries belong to.Sakura(Source: Flora of China). Sakura? Yes, they are all.The fruit of cherry trees.Cherry trees are cherry trees that can enjoy cherry blossoms in spring, but many tree species that enjoy flowers have been cultivated to produce edible fruits.

This classification is actually not unusual, because from the appearance, cherries seem to be large cherries. Then why don’t cherries be called big cherries?

In the official name of cherry, there is indeed the word cherry, and its species name is European sweet cherry.As the name implies, it is not native to China. Besides sweet cherries, there are sour cherries in Europe. Because sour cherries are too sour, few people like to eat them, so they are mostly used to make jam or dessert, such as cherry pie.

timg.jpg

▲ Cherry pie. Graph/network

When the European sweet cherry was introduced to China for the first time, in order to distinguish it from the cherry native to China, the American Cherry Association directly transliterated the European sweet cherry into the name Cherry with its English name "cherries".

Cherry, like cherries, is just a customary name.There are two kinds of cherries growing in China: China cherry and Prunus tomentosa.In fact, similar "small" cherries are also distributed abroad, and some people eat them. However, if they are shipped to China, they are uncompetitive in taste, difficult to store and keep fresh, and they have to pay expensive transportation fees. No one will do such a loss-making business.

▲ Shandong Wulian’s stupid cherry is a very sweet one among domestic cherries. Figure/"Scenery China Zhi Wu Lian"

So,Cherry and cherry are actually different species, but in essence, they both belong to cherry.Of course, this cherry is a plant classification, not what we usually mean by cherry.

Cherry PK cherries are delicious and expensive.

After talking about the things on the noodles, let’s take a look at Lier.Is the nutrition of cherries really worthy of its price?

▲ Comparison of nutritional components between cherries and cherries. Cartography/Zhang Yuchen

From the data point of view, the nutrient content of cherries and cherries is almost the same.In some indicators, such as the contents of vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid), cherries are even better than cherries.

On the other hand, cherries only make people who lose weight "smell the color change"Carbohydrate is better than others.The so-called carbohydrates in fruit ingredients are mainly dietary fiber and sugar. Although the dietary fiber of cherries is as much as 2.1 grams, more than 90% of the remaining 13.9 grams of carbon water is sugar (12.8 grams). No wonder the calories of cherries are higher than those of cherries.

▲ Bright red cherries. Figure/vision china

It should be pointed out that the sugar content of cherries shown here is higher than that of cherries, which is not directly related to the fact that cherries are sweeter than cherries, because cherries are sour in addition to sweetness. The sweetness of cherries is only 16 or 7, and it can reach 23 or 24, which is already the top. Now some cherry varieties cultivated in China have a sweetness of 29.9, which is one head higher than cherries, but they still taste so sour and sweet.

Although cherries and cherries are sweet, they are suitable for diabetics, probably because anthocyanins in them inhibit the activity of digestive enzymes, and their pectin content is also high, which can delay the digestion and absorption of sugar.

In fact, even if you know that cheaper cherries are even better in nutritional value than cherries, you also know that cherries are high in calories and sugar, and they are easier to get fat after eating, but you can’t help but reach out to cherries in the end. After all, it is really delicious!

▲ Everything, a twist, a bite, a few dollars is gone. Graph/network

After the internal competition, let’s see what special advantages the cherry family has compared with other fruits.

Compared with apples and pears which are relatively close to the people in the market, the cherry family has completely crushed its rivals in almost every data, especially in vitamin A and potassium, and it can even lead its rivals several times.

▲ Just as it is obviously a cherry but changed its name to cherries as a brand, Apple also made up the "false propaganda" of "an apple a day keeps the doctor away" in order to promote itself. In fact, the nutrition of apples is not as high as I thought. Figure /rawpixel.com

However, when the fruit orange, which is also close to the people, came on stage, the cherry family was defeated. The content of vitamin A and vitamin C in oranges is 2.3 times and 3.5 times that of cherries, and various trace elements are not equal to those in the cherry family, but the potassium content of oranges is slightly half that of cherries (128 mg per 100 g versus 232 mg per 100 g).

▲ No fruit can "unify the world", and it is best to eat some of each. Figure /rawpixel.com

Although the potassium content of the cherry family is high, it is not impossible to be replaced by other people-friendly fruits. For example, the potassium content of bananas is higher than that of the cherry family (256 mg per 100 grams). Does this mean that if I spend a few dollars to buy an orange and bananas, I can beat the cherries bought for dozens of dollars?

That’s true. It’s a pity that your taste buds are not dry! Tomatoes are nutritious, but I don’t know how expensive they are. Price and nutrition are not related in themselves.

03　Why is "cherry freedom" so difficult?

Why are cherries more expensive than cherries? Middlemen earn the difference!

How much is the Chilean cherries we usually eat in Chile? Last year, someone posted a picture on the internet, which said 1000 pesos a kilogram, which is 8.6 yuan! Are you surprised?

▲ cherries are being sold at stalls in Chile. Graph/network

Whether these news are true or not, in short, they are enough to illustrate that the processing fee and freight of cherries are expensive. Of course, cherries themselves are not cheap, otherwise, when people make up stories for Washington, why should they let him cut down cherry trees? Because cherry trees are precious!

▲ Washington has not cut down cherry trees, but it is true that Europeans and Americans like cherries. The picture shows "Cherry Time" painted by Italian painter Salvador Postiglione. Figure /Wikipedia

Cherry’s body is good, and its compact flesh makes it able to withstand the long-distance transportation. But after all, the origin of cherries in China is far away from Wan Li, so the exported fruits will quickly enter the cold chain after picking to keep fresh, which is why cherries in our supermarket are full, pleasant, bright and attractive.

▲ Delicious cherries can make all kinds of food. Figure /rawpixel.com

Compared with cherries, the soft and tender China cherries are much more fragile, and will rot with a little bump. Before the Tang Dynasty, cherries were too difficult to transport, so they could only be "tasted under the tree" and never popularized. In the Tang Dynasty, because the emperors liked to eat cherries, this kind of fruit, which never came out of the world, became a LV—— in fruit-eating cherries became a symbol of status.

In the Tang dynasty, cherries were planted in Chang’ an, but the yield was not high, precisely because things are rare and expensive.The palace ministers are all proud of receiving the cherry from the emperor.Bai Juyi, for example, wrote a poem entitled "Grateful for the cherry plaything with the old people in Yang Er Sheren Pavilion". The name of this poem is so long, as if he was afraid that others would not know that it was a royal gift.

After the Tang Dynasty, the existence of cherries remained high. Su Shi, a well-known foodie, wrote that "Mai Lao Cherry is ripe", Xin Qiji wrote that "bitter bamboo shoots and cherries are just in time", and Lu You wrote that "cherry cheese is tasted new", which makes people drool. However, no matter how good the cherry is, if you don’t live near the place of origin, or if you are a dignitary, I’m afraid you won’t enjoy it. Today, after the maturity of cold chain logistics, it is possible to consume cherries on a large scale.

▲ "Cherry Oriole Map", Song, anonymous.

Cherries are delicious, and we can cultivate them ourselves. Since 1980s, China has introduced many sweet cherry varieties from abroad for hybridization and cultivation, and cultivated famous varieties such as Meizao, Hongguang, Huangmi, Brooks and so on, all of which are big and sweet domestic cherries.

▲ Domestic big cherry with yellow honey. Graph/network

From May to June every year, domestic cherries begin to be listed in large quantities. Because of the low transportation cost, the price is relatively close to the people. These domestic cherries are an excellent opportunity for everyone to realize "freedom of cherries"!

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