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The End of Chinese Imperial Examination System

Announcer: Shi Yibo

The imperial examination system is an important system for selecting talents in China feudal society. It was founded in the seventh year of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty (AD 587) and abolished in the thirty-first year of Guangxu of Qing Dynasty (AD 1905), which lasted for more than 1,300 years. The last two examinations of China’s imperial examination system were held on our campus (at that time, our campus was the seat of Henan Gongyuan). Once in the 29th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (AD 1903) and once in the 30th year of Guangxu (AD 1904). After that, the imperial examination system was abolished. Therefore, our campus has become the end of China’s imperial examination system.

The main examinations in the imperial examination system are the provincial examination and the general examination (of course, palace examination is also very important). And these exams are regular (except for Enke). In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), it was stipulated that: "Take the rural examination in the year of meridian and Mao Younian, and the examination will be held in the year of Chen Xuchou." After having obtained the provincial examination, we will try in August, February and palace examination in March. However, in the tenth year of Qianlong (AD 1745), it was changed to March and April in palace examination, so it was permanent. After having obtained the provincial examination, it will be held in the capital, and palace examination will be held in the palace.

What is the "Meridian Year"? What does it mean to be "ugly and ugly"? There may be many people who are still unclear, so I need to make a brief explanation here.

Today, we use the Gregorian calendar, while in ancient China, we used the trunk and branch calendars. "Gan" means "Tiangan", that is, A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui, also called "Ten Gan". "Zhi" is the floorboard of "earthly branches", that is, Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai, also called "Twelve Branches". With the circulation of ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches, sixty groups can be formed, such as Jiazi, Yechou, Bingyin, Dingmao, Wuchen, Jisi, Gengwu, Xinwei, Renshen, Guiyou and Jiaxu, which are called "Sixty Flowers Jiazi" to indicate the order of year, month, day and time, and so on. The lunar calendar we use today is still based on the years of the cadres and branches.

Take the "Ziwu Maoyou Year after having obtained the provincial examination", that is, in the year when the words Zi, Wu, Mao and You appear, the provincial examination will be held. Take "Chen Xu ugly will be tested before the year", that is, in the year of the dry branch, whenever the words Chen Xu, Ugly and Not appear, the test will be held. Below, I will take the year related to our topic as an example to illustrate it. According to the chronology of cadres and branches, the 25th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (AD 1899) was the year of Ji Hai, the 26th year (AD 1900) was the year of Geng Zi, the 27th year was the year of Xin Chou, the 28th year was the year of Ren Yin, the 29th year (AD 1903) was the year of Gui Mao, the 30th year (AD 1904) was the year of Jia Chen, the 31st year was the year of Yi Si, and the 32nd year was the year. From this, we can know that the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu is the year of Gengzi and the twenty-ninth year is the year of Guimao, both of which are in the year of holding the township examination. Twenty-seven years of Guangxu is the year of sorrow and ugliness, and thirty years is the year of Jia Chen, both of which should be held. From this, we can see that the provincial examination and the general examination are held every three years.

Having said that, some people may ask the following questions:

1. As mentioned earlier, there were two examinations held in Kaifeng, one in the 29th year of Guangxu (Guimao year) and the other in the 30th year of Guangxu (Jiachen year), but the 29th year of Guangxu (Guimao year) was not the year of the examination. Why did you hold the examination in this year?

Second, the examination is held every three years. Why is it held continuously in the twenty-ninth and thirty years of Guangxu?

Third, the location of the test is in the capital, and Kaifeng was not the capital during the Qing Dynasty. Why were the last two tests held in Kaifeng?

To answer these three questions, we need to start with the domestic situation at that time.

Originally, the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (AD 1901) was an ugly year, and an examination should be held. But a major incident happened in China, that is, Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Japan, Italy and Austria "Eight-Nation Alliance" launched a war of aggression against China. On July 20th, the 26th year of Guangxu (AD 1900), "Eight-Nation Alliance" invaded Beijing. At dawn on the 21st, Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled from Deshengmen in a panic amid the rumble of guns. At that time, Empress Dowager Cixi wore a blue summer dress and dressed as a country woman, and Emperor Guangxu also changed her clothes. Because the incident happened in a hurry, it was too late to prepare transportation and daily necessities. "The two palaces all took mule carts by the roadside, and the princes all stayed on foot." "The bedding was not enough, and the water was not imported." The situation was very embarrassing. Empress Dowager Cixi fled all the way through Huailai, Xuanhua, Datong, Taiyuan and other places, and finally settled down when she arrived in Xi ‘an on the fourth day of September. Empress Dowager Cixi and others lived in Xi ‘an for nearly a year. On July 25th, the 27th year of Guangxu (September 7th, 1901), foreign invaders forced the Qing government to sign the "Xin Chou Treaty" which humiliated the country. After that, Empress Dowager Cixi and others set off triumphantly to return to Beijing.

On August 24th, the 27th year of Guangxu, Empress Dowager Cixi waited for the bus to drive to Xi ‘an and arrived in Kaifeng on October 2nd. Lived in Kaifeng for more than a month. On November 5th, I left Biandu River and went north, and returned to Beijing on the 28th.

From the above, it can be seen that when the examination should be held in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (the year of Xin Chou), Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu were fleeing, and of course there was no time to take care of the examination in that year, and there was no condition at all. In order to make up for the failure to hold the examination of Xin Chou, the Qing government ordered the exhibition to be held in Guimao year on October 24, Guangxu 27, that is, the examination of Xin Chou was postponed to Guimao year (Guangxu 29). This is the reason why the year of Guimao is not the year of the examination, but the examination is held. At the same time, because Beijing Hiram’s Hospital was destroyed by the war at that time, the Qing government decided to "take the test in Guimao and transfer the right to Henan Hiram’s Hospital". The second year, that is, the 30th year of Guangxu (Jiachen, AD 1904), was a year of routine examination. In this way, the years of Guimao family and Jiachen family are linked together.

At this point, I think the three questions mentioned above should be answered.

Apart from the special situation that both the Guimao and Jiachen examinations were held in Henan Gongyuan, the appointment time of examiners was also very different from the previous ones. Traditionally, examiners are appointed three days before the start of the exam. And once appointed, immediately quarantined, even family members are not allowed to meet to prevent fraud. Specifically, there are three exams: the first one is from March 9 to 11, the second one is from December 12 to 14, and the third one is from 15th to 17th. This is customized. Therefore, examiners are generally appointed on March 6th. The appointment of examiners in Guimao and Jiachen departments is much earlier in time.

Let’s talk about the family Guimao first. In the 29th year of Guangxu (AD 1903), on the first day of February, that is, a month before the examination began, the Qing government appointed Sun Jianai, a university student, as the examiner, Xu Huifeng, the secretary of the Ministry of War, Rong Qing, the minister of punishments, and Zhang Yinglin, the right assistant minister of the official department, as the deputy examiner. At first glance, this seems incomprehensible. Is it necessary to appoint him so early, contrary to convention? Aren’t you afraid of fraud? But on second thought, it is completely reasonable to do so. Because the location of the exam is not in Beijing, but in Kaifeng, Henan, thousands of miles away. Due to the limitation of traffic conditions at that time, it took many days to travel from Beijing to Kaifeng. For example, Empress Dowager Cixi returned to Beijing from Kaifeng at that time and walked for 24 days on the road. Coupled with the preparation before the trip, in fact, more than a month is not too plentiful. The examiner in the last exam (the Reform Movement of 1898) was Sun Jianai, who did a good job, so this time he was entrusted with an important task. But this time, Sun Jianai screwed up: the writing of the policy question was wrong. As a result, after the examination, Sun Jianai and others were "handed over to the Ministry for discussion as usual."

The examiners for the Jiachen examination were also appointed in advance, but this time, Sun Jianai and others were not appointed, but a new team was replaced. On the sixth day of February in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), the Qing government took Yu De, the minister of the Ministry of War and the co-organizer of the university, as the examiner, and Zhang Baixi, the minister of the official department, Lu Runxiang, the left imperial adviser of Duchayuan, and Dai Hongci, the right assistant minister of the household department, as the deputy examiner. The appointment time is only five days later than the above-mentioned family.

Here I would like to further explain that not only the last two examinations in the history of Chinese imperial examination system were held in Kaifeng, but also the last two rural examinations in Shuntianfu, where the Qing court was located. Once in the 28th year of Guangxu and once in the 29th year of Guangxu.

As mentioned earlier, according to the regulations of the Qing government, "taking the meridian as the base for having obtained the provincial examination". That is to say, in the year before each subject will be tested, all provinces will hold township examinations to select talents who will take part in the examination. Specifically, in the last years of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, the 26th year of Guangxu (AD 1900) was the year of Gengzi, and we should have held the township examination. However, as mentioned above, in July of this year, Eight-Nation Alliance, the invader of China, had already invaded Beijing, and the provincial examination failed to be held. Therefore, the Qing government decided to make up the rural examination of Gengzi in the 28th year of Guangxu (AD 1902). However, Beijing Hiram’s Hospital was destroyed by the war, so the Qing government decided to move Shuntian Township Examination to Henan Hiram’s Hospital. According to the regulations, the date of having obtained the provincial examination is in August. However, when the time comes, Shuntian will hold the township examination, and Henan will also hold the township examination, and the number of rooms in Henan Hiram’s Hospital is limited, so it is difficult to do it at the same time. So the Qing court decided to give way to Shuntian after Henan Provincial Examination, that is, Shuntian Provincial Examination was held in August, while Henan Provincial Examination was extended to October.

In the 29th year of Guangxu (AD 1903), it was the year of Guimao, and it was also the year of having obtained the provincial examination. In this year, Henan Gongyuan was the busiest. As mentioned earlier, Xin Chou Branch will try to make up for it in Henan Hiram’s Hospital in March this year. In August and October, it is necessary to welcome the provincial examinations in Shuntian and Henan. It is probably unique in the history of China’s imperial examination system that one Hiram’s Hospital has three examinations a year.

Because of the need to promote school education, the Qing government announced in the 31st year of Guangxu (AD 1905) that it would stop the provincial examination and the general examination from the 3rd year of Bingwu (32nd year of Guangxu, AD 1906). In this way, in the feudal society of China, the imperial examination system was implemented for more than 1,300 years, and it died.

To sum up, we can see what an important role Henan Gongyuan played when the feudal imperial examination system in China was coming to an end. During the twenty-eight to thirty years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (AD 1902-1904), in just three years, four provincial examinations and two examinations were staged in Henan Gongyuan. For a time, Henan Gongyuan became a wonderful stage for the performance of China’s imperial examination system, and at the same time, this land on our campus became the end of China’s imperial examination system.

Local online celebrity Dai huo Nong specialty products

　　　　Focusing on cultivating market players and developing industries, we have continuously improved the construction of e-commerce to help agriculture, cultivated a group of local online celebrity with over one million fans, and brought "fire" to Guzhang agricultural special products.

　　　　Chickens crow, dogs bark, the scenery is picturesque, and the people in the picture are frying bacon … This is a daily scene in a live broadcast room of agricultural products in Guzhang County, Hunan Province.

　　　　Guzhang County is located in the middle of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, with rich products and beautiful environment, with a forest coverage rate of 79.8%. It has the reputation of natural oxygen bar in China and ecological charm county in China. There are many special agricultural products in the local area, but in the past, "people who hide in the mountains don’t know" and often encounter the dilemma of "difficult sales".

　　　　In recent years, with the support of China Everbright Group, a designated assistance unit of the central government, Guzhang County has continuously improved the construction of e-commerce agricultural assistance system with the focus on cultivating market players and developing industries. There are 26 registered e-commerce enterprises in the county, 56 local enterprises have been cultivated, and a group of local online celebrity with over one million fans have been cultivated, bringing "fire" to Guzhang agricultural special products.

　　　　Local online celebrity emerged.

　　　　Millions of fans, hundreds of millions of broadcasts, and the account’s popularity have made Guzhang’s "Internet Master" excited to clear the standard and couldn’t sleep for several nights. As a native of Guzhang, he stayed in the city to engage in graphic design after graduating from Qingbiao University. Looking at the wonderful world outside, he always thinks of his hometown, a beautiful and quaint village. In recent years, Guzhang’s rural tourism has developed rapidly, which gave him the idea of returning to his hometown to start a business. After returning to his hometown, he first took up photography and learned how to shoot the scenery of his hometown. After the publicity improved, he studied e-commerce and helped the villagers to promote tea, kiwi, August melon, bacon, honey and other hometown agricultural products.

　　　　At the beginning, there was little effect in selling to the Qing standard. With Everbright Group helping to establish a micro-mall in Guzhang, Xiang Qingbiao became a start-up person. During his work in the micro-mall, he was supported by equipment and improved in technology, and continued to grow. In January this year, he and his wife, Long Lingling, founded a cultural media company to do business such as non-legacy cultural communication and agricultural product development. The short video works such as summer cloth, homespun and oil-paper umbrella launched by the team have played more than 100 million times.

　　　　"I want to speak for the landscape of Guzhang, so that more people can fall in love with our traditional culture, Xiangxi and Guzhang." Say to Qing Biao.

　　　　In addition to bidding for "Shanbai", a large number of local media accounts of Guzhang, such as Xiangxi Dongbao, Xiangqingshan Guzhang and Little Prince of Bacon, quickly became popular, which brought fire to Guzhang’s local agricultural and sideline products, including Guzhang Maojian, black tea, Xiangxi bacon, wormwood cake, tea oil, blueberry, Xiangxi kiwi fruit, ponkan, tea cake powder and so on.

　　　　Eight young people who worked in Guzhangwei Mall have now become "seeds", scattered in various villages of Tujia Miao Village, which have ignited a group of rural online celebrity to help e-commerce rich farmers and become the main force of e-commerce to help farmers.

　　　　In order to help Guzhang cultivate more e-commerce talents, Everbright Group and Guzhang County Government jointly organized training, aiming at cultivating rural e-commerce talents and creating an atmosphere for rural e-commerce development. The training targets were mainly returning entrepreneurs, young enthusiasts, e-commerce service site leaders, rural e-commerce leaders, etc., which drove the county to complete 19 e-commerce training sessions, with a total of 2,655 people trained, providing strong talent support for promoting e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration work.

　　　　Live broadcast promotes agricultural products

　　　　The cultivation of online celebrity can not be separated from the help of live broadcast activities. In recent years, the live broadcast activities in Guzhang County have been constant and varied.

　　　　For example, Guzhang held the live broadcast of "Guzhang Maojian", the live broadcast of "Thousands of Villages and Thousands of Red Xiangxi Fragrant Companions" in Xiangxi Prefecture, and a series of online live broadcast activities such as the first corn festival of Guzhang and the live broadcast of online production and marketing of Guzhang Zhangnong. He also organized county enterprises to participate in Yiwu and Wuhan electric fairs offline, promoted and sold agricultural special products in Guzhang County through various channels and forms, and accumulated sales of bacon, tea, blueberries and wormwood.

　　　　Relying on Everbright’s "buy wonderful" e-commerce platform, Guzhang agricultural products have opened up sales. As of September this year, 12 enterprises have been stationed in Everbright’s "Buy Wonderful" platform, with more than 90 kinds of products, with accumulated sales of nearly 35 million yuan.

　　　　Guzhang launched the selection activity of "Yearning for Village Broadcasting", and the number of topics broadcast in Tik Tok exceeded 330 million times, and a total of 10,200 pieces were placed in the live broadcast room, amounting to 1.629 million yuan. Everbright Group invited China Badminton Association and badminton world champions Bao Chunlai and Chai Biao to Guzhang County to bring goods for Guzhang tea. Opening three "Guzhang Maojian" image stores, expanding the sales of tea …

　　　　"Everbright’s assistance to Guzhang enterprises has really helped the idea step by step from helping to build factories and industrial bases at the beginning to helping us cultivate local online celebrity, e-commerce to help farmers and open up sales channels." Wu Xiaoqiong, chairman of Guzhangshen Land Co., Ltd. said.

　　　　Take the villagers to the road of getting rich

　　　　Driven by e-commerce, a number of enterprises that produce and sell Guzhang agricultural and sideline products have risen rapidly, and the industrial chain has been gradually improved.

　　　　For example, after increasing the promotion of e-commerce and accelerating the construction of e-commerce live broadcast rooms, projects such as the Aposhan Xiangxi Camellia Oil Traditional Oil-pressing Technology Heritage Museum landed. Guzhang Xiubao Camellia oleifera professional cooperative has gradually grown from a small workshop of 80 square meters to a local high-quality enterprise with a standard workshop of 1,100 square meters and three well-known trademarks of "Apushan, Danwuying and Miaofu". "Apushan Wood Press" has become a well-known punching place in online celebrity, Xiangxi, and the online sales of agricultural and sideline products such as tea oil and tea withered powder in cooperatives are very hot, with annual sales reaching 6 million yuan.

　　　　Guzhang Xiubao Camellia oleifera Professional Cooperative insists on perfecting the interest linkage mechanism, adopts the acquisition mode of "order+guarantee", absorbs the land shares and labor of surrounding farmers, and initially forms the whole industrial chain of purchasing, processing and selling Camellia oleifera fresh fruit. At present, the order base covers an area of more than 24,000 mu, which has driven more than 2,000 oil farmers in the surrounding areas such as Guzhang, Yongshun, Luxi and Jishou to increase their income.

　　　　With the support of Everbright Group, Guzhang Runlianyangzhuang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. has invested a total of 5 million yuan, which can smoke 50,000 Jin of bacon at the same time and has five live broadcast rooms. The company registered a trademark and transformed to open up online sales channels. In 2023, one of the account fans broke 2 million, and online sales broke 20 million yuan.

　　　　Through the development mode of "enterprise+farmers", Guzhang Runlian Yangzhuang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. signed a guaranteed purchase agreement with farmers to purchase agricultural products, such as fresh bamboo shoots, dried peppers, tea, citrus, dried vegetables, etc., and also purchased bacon raw materials, such as tea seed shells, fruit trees, etc., to ensure farmers’ income, and also participated in the collective economic dividend of Pingcun Village, dragon day, Guzhang County, creating a dividend fund of 90,000 yuan.

　　　　In addition, a number of online celebrity enterprises, such as Guyanghe Tea Industry, Yingmeizi Tea Industry, Batian Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Cooperative, and Xiangxi Zhonghua Agriculture, have become brand enterprises that drive people to become rich.

　　　　Guzhang County will continue to explore the new business model of e-commerce, boost the launch of agricultural products, further enhance the brand influence of agricultural products, help local traditional enterprises to transform and upgrade, help rural revitalization, promote county economic development, and create a new engine for rural e-commerce economic growth.

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The emergence of ＂technology+consumption＂ in the main line of industrial policy in the 14 th Five-Year Plan has given birth to more investment opportunities

　　Frequency of high-frequency words in the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee

　　Source: Xinhua News Agency, soochow securities Institute.

　　The just-concluded Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee deliberated and adopted "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Target for the Year 2035", which is an important document that affects the development direction of China in the next five years and also touches the nerves of the capital market.

　　From the communiqué of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, the main line of industrial policy emerged during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. A number of brokers and investment institutions said that in the medium and long term, "technology+consumption" is still the main line of the market and is expected to give birth to more investment opportunities. Among them, consumer, science and technology, medicine, new energy and other tracks are quite concerned by the market.

　　The main line of "double circulation" runs through

　　Tap domestic demand and consumption potential

　　The data shows that during the implementation of the previous five-year plan, key strategic industries will perform better relative to the overall market situation, and this correlation is still increasing with the development and perfection of the capital market. According to the data of CICC, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, electrical equipment, mechanical equipment and medical biology greatly outperformed the market; During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the cultural media industry, which was planned as a pillar industry, led the market significantly, with an increase of 213%, while the Shanghai Composite Index rose only 33% in the same period. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, under the guidance of the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, as of October this year, people’s livelihood-related industries such as food and beverage, household appliances and leisure services have greatly outperformed the market.

　　The plenary session put forward the guiding ideology and principles that must be followed in the economic and social development during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, in which it was clearly stated that "we should accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other". Some insiders pointed out that under the new development pattern of "double cycle", "giving full play to the growth potential and strengthening the domestic market" is particularly worthy of attention, and a strong domestic market will become the key to the construction of the domestic and international "double cycle" system.

　　In terms of expanding domestic demand, the plenary session proposed to adhere to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand and accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system. It also proposed that it is necessary to smooth the domestic cycle, promote the domestic and international double cycle, comprehensively promote consumption and expand investment space. Specifically, it includes the ideas of "building a high-standard market system", "giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization" and "adhering to the implementation of regional major strategies, regional coordinated development strategies, and main functional areas strategies".

　　Chongyang investment pointed out that China’s economy and residents’ income have been cultivated by years of high-speed growth, and the conditions for boosting domestic demand have been met. Moreover, the start of the "double-cycle" system and the deepening of supply-side structural reform also need the cooperation of a strong domestic market to form an effective closed loop.

　　With the continuous upgrading of consumption structure, the potential of domestic demand will be continuously explored. China Merchants Securities pointed out that residents’ needs are not only satisfied with basic daily consumption such as "filling their stomachs", but also have more diversified needs for the quality, style and function of consumer products. Guotai Junan emphasized that the policy of "promoting consumption in an all-round way" is no longer a demand-side force like "home appliances going to the countryside", but a "high-quality supply", which brings opportunities for the rise of local and national brands and their substitution for overseas high-end brands.

　　CICC pointed out that at present, the international situation is complex and changeable, and the large consumption sectors that mainly rely on domestic demand may have a more stable performance in the next five years, such as the typical "pure domestic demand" sectors, including building materials, food and beverage, and local transportation. In addition, Northeast Securities believes that combined with the aging population trend, the demand for medical consumption will continue to be released in the future.

　　The "new economy" is accelerating.

　　Scientific and technological innovation to build the core thread

　　The communique of the plenary session listed "achieving a major breakthrough in key core technologies and entering the forefront of innovative countries" as the long-term goal of basically realizing socialist modernization in 2035, which attracted the attention of all parties in the market.

　　The reporter of the Economic Information Daily saw on the interactive platform of investors such as Interactive Exchange of Shenzhen Stock Exchange that after the announcement of the plenary session, a number of listed companies in software and information technology services were asked whether their projects or products involved the Tenth Five-Year Plan and "what plans and layouts are there for self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology".

　　Chen Li, chief economist of Chuancai Securities, said that at present, China’s technological kinetic energy continues to upgrade, and strategic emerging industries and high-tech industries have become new driving forces for economic growth. The plenary session proposed to adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall situation of China’s modernization drive and take self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology as the strategic support for national development. It is expected that the "new economy" represented by digital economy, new energy, 5G and industrial Internet will accelerate during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period.

　　Xie Chunsheng, an analyst at Huatai Securities, said that the core essence of technological self-improvement is the autonomy of core IT technologies, which includes several aspects: First, the autonomy of IT basic software and hardware, including the autonomy of core components such as chips, operating systems, databases, middleware and servers; Second, the autonomy of industry application software forms an IT autonomous ecosystem with the underlying software; Third, industrial software autonomy, which was neglected in the independent core technology in the past. Science and technology and innovation are expected to promote the rapid development of independent IT technology in China, and the localization of various IT links and application fields is expected to provide rare historical development opportunities for IT enterprises in China.

　　It is worth noting that the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era, issued in May this year, proposed to compile a new round of national medium-and long-term scientific and technological development plans.

　　Citic Securities pointed out that enterprises are the main body of scientific and technological innovation, and promoting the upgrading of industrial base and the modernization of industrial chain will further improve policies such as "first set", fiscal and taxation incentives, government procurement and financial support. The national medium-and long-term science and technology development plan (2021-2025) may be published at the end of this year or early next year, and it is expected to formulate a new batch of major national science and technology projects, and systematically sort out the strategic emerging industries and frontier fields that are supported by the key.

Intellectual property of decoded data

　　Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, intellectual property in China has achieved great development, great leap and great promotion, and made important progress in legislation, creation, protection and application. "The intellectual property system was born from the technological development of the market economy, and at the same time it thrived with technological changes." Xu Meiling, assistant professor of the Law School of the University of International Business and Economics, director of the Intellectual Property Finance Research Center and deputy secretary-general of the Market Supervision Research Institute, said: "In the era of digital economy, the creation and dissemination of knowledge products have been extended to digitalization and intelligence, and data intellectual property rights have received more and more attention."

　　Support social and economic development

　　On December 28th, 2023, Beijing Shengzhe Technology Company (hereinafter referred to as "Shengzhe"), a national high-tech enterprise in the field of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, received a precious New Year’s Day gift. The police station near the bridge of Dianjun Branch of Yichang City Public Security Bureau in Hubei Province sent a thank-you letter, expressing sincere gratitude for Shengzhe’s technical support ability to respond in time that month, assist the police to find the lost patients within 2 hours, and save lives in time. And this is just one of thousands of lives saved by Sheng Zhe.

　　The community security service in Beijing Feijia Village, the fire-fighting renovation of Jokhang Temple in Tibet, the application of intelligent security system to help Beijing Winter Olympics in 2022, and the escort of the Yangtze River to ban fishing … By using technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and cloud computing, the urban intelligent security awareness service provided by Shengzhe has landed in more than 160 cities in 25 provinces across the country, providing a powerful scientific and technological force to protect people’s lives and property, improve their quality of life, protect the Millennium historical and cultural heritage, and improve the ecological environment.

The city-level intelligent fire warning service of Beijing Shengzhe Technology Company has been fully deployed in Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Jokhang Temple in Tibet to protect the cultural treasures passed down for thousands of years.

　　In the process of industrial digitalization, Shengzhe has better empowered thousands of industries with innovation and technology through self-developed narrow-band Internet of Things technology. Globally, Shengzhe has customers in 65 countries and regions, and continues to help Cambodia, South Africa and other "Belt and Road" countries to build smart cities. In addition, Shengzhe has successively built computing centers in Yichang, Hubei, Xining, Qinghai and other places, deeply participated in the layout of national computing power, and set a national benchmark for new quality productivity.

　　All these achievements are based on the solid foundation that Shengzhe has devoted himself to cutting-edge science and technology. Li Jiaxi, CMO of Shengzhe, said that innovation is the first driving force for development. Since its establishment, the company has always attached great importance to building the core competitiveness of enterprise technology, products and services through the layout of independent intellectual property rights, and has more than 100 independent intellectual property rights.

　　Digital economy is an important direction of future economic development and one of the most active fields at present. In recent years, China National Intellectual Property Administration has given full play to the function of the intellectual property system, actively helped to cultivate new kinetic energy for economic development, and promoted the creation of new advantages in the digital economy. Heng Fuguang, spokesperson and director of the office of China National Intellectual Property Administration, said that the next step is to speed up the construction of data intellectual property protection rules, promote the development, opening and circulation of data, and promote the deep integration of digital economy and real economy, so as to empower economic development and enrich people’s lives through extensive and profound digital changes.

　　Li Jiaxi is very much looking forward to this. She said that big data technology is one of the core competitiveness of Shengzhe Technology, and urban digital economy construction and digital governance cannot be separated from massive data. "Under the protection of intellectual property rights, data can flow reasonably and be fully utilized, and enterprises can dig deeper into the value of data elements and serve urban governance, social livelihood, ecological protection and many other fields with digital applications and industrial ecological operation capabilities."

　　Cultivate new kinetic energy for developing new quality productive forces

　　In 2024, the Government Work Report clearly required "strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights and formulating policies and measures to promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements."

　　"Intellectual property is a catalyst for stimulating innovation, an accelerator for economic development, an important support for high-quality development, and plays a dual role in important institutional supply and technology supply." Heng Fuguang said, "We should give full play to the role of the patent system in stimulating innovation and the role of technology supply of patents themselves, promote key core technology research, strengthen the transformation and application of patents, accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces, and cultivate new kinetic energy for developing new quality productive forces."

　　Xu Meiling is also very concerned about the transformation of intellectual property achievements. "In the institutional logic of intellectual property rights, innovation and competition coexist, protection and communication are equally important, and empowerment and limitation exist together." She emphasized that the purpose of giving exclusive rights to intellectual products is not only to stimulate and protect innovation, but also to avoid innovation achievements being "suppressed", thus promoting them to benefit subsequent improvement and overall social welfare. "The transformation of intellectual property achievements is an important channel for the realization of this system goal."

　　Xu Meiling said that the transformation of data intellectual property achievements and Industry-University-Research cooperation play an important role in promoting scientific and technological innovation and economic and social development. "Through these cooperation models, scientific research achievements can be effectively transformed into actual products and services, and the market competitiveness of enterprises can be enhanced. And bring greater economic and social benefits to society."

Buses, art galleries, museums and libraries in Manchester, England adopt the Internet of Things technology of Beijing Shengzhe Technology Company, which enables users to receive information such as exhibitions and buildings in real time.

　　Shanghai Jiaotong University won 9 awards, including Industry-University-Research Cooperation Outstanding Contribution Award, Industry-University-Research Craftsman Spirit Award and Industry-University-Research Cooperation Innovation Award, at the 14th China Industry-University-Research Cooperation and Innovation Conference, for its outstanding performance in promoting the integration of politics and Industry-University-Research and innovating the cooperation environment and model in Industry-University-Research. The Zhejiang Provincial Market Supervision Bureau has identified 10 typical cases of patent transformation, involving battery heat exchangers for new energy vehicles, solar photovoltaic technology, direct ionization mass spectrometry technology and other industrial fields, which embodies the Zhejiang characteristics of patent transformation and shows the effective path and mode of patent transformation to a certain extent …

　　Enterprise is an important force of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and also the main body of patent output and transformation. Ge Shu, deputy director of the China National Intellectual Property Administration Patent Office and director of the Strategic Planning Department, said that at present, enterprises account for more than 70% of effective invention patents in China, and the number exceeds 3 million. According to the Patent Investigation Report of China in 2023, the industrialization rate of invention patents of enterprises in China reached 51.3%, which maintained a growth trend for five consecutive years.

　　However, at present, some enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, still have some difficulties in patent transformation and industrialization. Wang Peizhang, director of the Intellectual Property Promotion Department of China National Intellectual Property Administration, said that in order to solve the "dilemma" of patent transformation in universities and scientific research institutions and technology acquisition for small and medium-sized enterprises, and cultivate more technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises that rely on patent technology, in March 2024, China National Intellectual Property Administration and relevant departments issued the "Implementation Plan for Promoting the Growth of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises by Patent Industrialization", taking the patent industrialization as the main line and adopting the combination of "inclusive service and key cultivation" to help technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises enhance their innovation ability.

　　Accelerate the exploration of data intellectual property protection

　　Compared with traditional intellectual property rights, the difference of data intellectual property rights is mainly reflected in the changes in the production and dissemination methods of digital products. However, with the blessing of digital intelligence technology, the production and dissemination costs of intellectual property rights are getting lower and lower. Therefore, Xu Meiling said, "In the new era, the intellectual property system also calls for new theoretical construction and rule design. The state has formulated a series of action plans, which have pointed out the direction and defined the demand for the supply of data intellectual property rights system. "

　　The Outline of Building a Powerful Intellectual Property Country (2021-2035) requires: "To build a system of intellectual property rules in emerging fields and specific fields with timely response and reasonable protection. Establish and improve intellectual property protection rules for new technologies, new industries, new formats and new models. Explore and improve the intellectual property protection system in the Internet field. Study and build data intellectual property protection rules. " The Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the National Plan for the Protection and Utilization of Intellectual Property Rights in the Tenth Five-Year Plan emphasizes: "Actively study and participate in the formulation of international rules and standards for intellectual property rights in new fields and formats such as the digital field."

　　Up to now, China National Intellectual Property Administration has identified 17 places, including Beijing and Shanghai, as "advance teams" to carry out data intellectual property rights work, and has received more than 13,000 applications for data intellectual property rights registration and issued more than 7,000 certificates, accounting for more than 90% of the applicants.

　　On the new track of digital intelligence, data intellectual property rights play an important role, which is not only related to the response to new trade barriers in international competition, but also related to the accelerated development of new quality productivity, and the in-depth implementation of strategic plans such as "strengthening the country with intellectual property rights", "artificial intelligence+"strategy and "data factor X" action, and also related to the construction of a market-oriented, rule-of-law and international first-class business environment in China.

　　Change "quantity" into "quality", "should" because of "novelty", and expand "opening" to "high"-Xu Meiling gave his own suggestions on the current intellectual property protection and system improvement in China.

　　She explained: "New technologies, new formats and new models have challenged the existing rules of intellectual property rights, and at the same time brought opportunities for self-optimization of the intellectual property system. On the one hand, China should strengthen the creation and storage of independent intellectual property rights in the fields of artificial intelligence, quantum information, integrated circuits, etc., and should also actively study the intellectual property protection system in new fields and formats, and’ or amend’ or’ or change’ or’ or abolish’ or supplement’ the existing intellectual property rules to meet the current needs of the times. "

　　In addition, in the face of the accelerating process of economic globalization and the complicated international situation, Xu Meiling believes that China should devote itself to promoting the opening-up of intellectual property rights in a wider scope, in a wider field and at a deeper level, promote international cooperation in intellectual property rights as a whole, actively participate in the construction of global intellectual property governance system, strengthen multilateral cooperation in the field of intellectual property rights, and continuously enhance the international influence and competitiveness of intellectual property rights to serve the development of an open economy.

　　At present, the global intellectual property trade, especially the data intellectual property trade, is still frequent, but the relevant rules are in a state of fragmentation and camp. "We should attach importance to the participation of multilateral or regional agreements, and further compare and study the intellectual property system of the Belt and Road countries to consolidate and improve the intellectual property cooperation of the Belt and Road countries, and make full use of this platform to expand the scale and reserves of cooperation projects." Xu Meiling said.

　　(The picture in this article is provided by the interviewee)

Sichuan： Activating the ＂Waste-free Cell＂ in the City with Tax and Fee Concessions

This year’s government work report proposes to strengthen the construction of ecological civilization and promote green and low-carbon development. Implementing this requirement and speeding up the construction of a "waste-free city" is an important starting point.

"Waste-free city" is an advanced urban management concept and a development model. By promoting the formation of green development mode and lifestyle, we will continue to promote the reduction of solid waste sources and resource utilization, minimize landfill disposal, and minimize the environmental impact of solid waste. In April, 2022, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the list of "Waste-free Cities" during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, including Chengdu, Yibin, Leshan, Zigong, Luzhou, Deyang, Mianyang and Meishan in Sichuan.

In order to help build a "waste-free city", Sichuan tax authorities continued to implement the new development concept, focused on the actual needs of enterprises, and compiled the Guidelines on Tax Preferential Policies to Support Green Development. They made precise efforts from four aspects: supporting environmental protection, promoting energy conservation and environmental protection, encouraging comprehensive utilization of resources, and promoting the development of low-carbon industries, refined 66 measures to implement tax preferential policies, and comprehensively guided enterprises to go green.

From "Overdischarge" to "Pollution Reduction" —— Tax incentives inject impetus into green transformation

Source pollution reduction is the core part of the construction of "waste-free city" The traditional industries that reduce pollution at the source and develop extensively must do a good job of green transformation and upgrading.

As the "western porcelain capital", Jiajiang County of Leshan City has a long history of pottery making, and pottery making is also one of the local pillar industries. In the era when coal is the main energy source for pottery making, Jiajiang County has been suffering from high pollution and high energy consumption in pottery making, and the huge sewage cost has also seriously hindered the survival and development of enterprises.

"The greater the energy consumption, the higher the tax cost, the higher the product cost and the lower the competitiveness." Luo Qizhou, the legal representative of Jiajiang Huaxing Ceramics Co., Ltd., said frankly. In order to enhance the competitiveness of products, enterprises continue to improve traditional technology and increase investment in environmental protection, and in 2023 alone, they will enjoy more than 300,000 yuan of environmental protection tax relief. "With the 300,000 yuan saved by tax reduction and exemption, we have introduced two new production lines using natural gas, which are cleaner than the previous coal production and the energy consumption has dropped significantly." Luo Qizhou said.

From "super discharge" to "pollution reduction", the story of green transformation of Huaxing ceramics is only a microcosm of the structural transformation and green breakthrough of traditional industries. Nowadays, in Sichuan, a large number of traditional industrial enterprises, represented by ceramic production enterprises in Jiajiang County, are constantly activating "waste-free cells" through a series of advanced technologies of energy saving and carbon reduction, such as changing coal into gas and upgrading production lines, and upgrading the former high-pollution and high-energy-consumption industries into dynamic industries with "green" content and "new" content.

In order to enable enterprises to gain more external force in solving problems, Sichuan tax authorities have also deepened the pattern of multi-governance and efficient coordination, strengthened cooperation with ecological environment, natural resources and other departments, jointly established an information sharing platform for environmental protection tax, focused on high-pollution and high-energy-consuming enterprises, established a dynamic database, strengthened the comparative analysis of basic data, consolidated the foundation of taxation according to law, and built a "tax collection and management, enterprise declaration, environmental monitoring, information sharing, and"

Drawing "Green Meaning" with "Zero Carbon" —— Intimate Service Empowers Enterprises to Seize the New Track

The construction of "waste-free city" is connected with pollution reduction at one end and carbon reduction at the other. Recently, the State Council promulgated the Interim Regulations on the Management of Carbon Emissions Trading, which clarified the carbon emissions trading system in the form of administrative regulations for the first time. The data shows that as of the end of last year, the cumulative turnover of the national carbon emission trading market reached 440 million tons, with a turnover of about 24.9 billion yuan. Aiming at "zero-carbon competitiveness", green and low-carbon has become the consensus of high-quality development.

Sichuan Times New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., located in the eastern industrial park of Yibin Sanjiang New District, is the world’s first "zero carbon factory" for batteries. From the beginning of preparation, enterprises have planned a "zero carbon" path, and through continuous transformation and innovation in manufacturing and energy utilization, they are committed to making more products with low carbon competitiveness with less raw materials while reducing carbon emissions.

"On the road of green development of enterprises, the tax authorities are accompanied all the way." The relevant person in charge of Sichuan Times New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. said. According to reports, Yibin tax department has set up a service team of "direct connection between tax enterprises" to form an integrated "identification-analysis-treatment-result" process of "policy finding", equipped with "exclusive grid staff" to push the tax policy to legal representatives, financial personnel and tax collectors in a time-sharing and hierarchical manner to ensure accurate direct access to enterprises. In 2023, the company enjoyed a total of about 2.5 billion yuan in tax benefits such as export tax rebate, consumption tax and urban maintenance and construction tax.

Under the guidance of Sichuan Times New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., many enterprises in Yibin power battery industry chain have also achieved the advanced stage of "zero carbon". Yibin Libao New Materials Co., Ltd., which produces raw materials in the upstream of the industrial chain, Times Geely Power Battery Co., Ltd., which produces batteries in the midstream, and Sichuan CRRC Rail Transit Co., Ltd., which produces complete vehicles in the downstream, have successively obtained the certification of "zero carbon factory".

"A few days ago, the ecological and environmental departments of Sichuan and Chongqing issued the first inter-provincial" Regulations on the Construction and Management of Waste-free Urban Cells (Trial) "to further standardize the construction of waste-free urban cells in the economic circle of Chengdu and Chongqing." The relevant person in charge of Sichuan Provincial Taxation Bureau in State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China said that Sichuan taxation department will constantly sum up experience and innovate service measures, continue to give full play to the role of taxation functions, strengthen the linkage between Sichuan and Chongqing taxation and cross-departmental coordination, so as to release greater effectiveness of various tax incentives and promote enterprises to make steady progress in the fast lane of green development and transformation.

Taizhou Audi A6L price reduction information! The latest offer is 343,000, so don’t miss it.

[car home Taizhou Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, preferential promotion activities were launched in Taizhou market, and the maximum preferential amount reached 129,800 yuan. At present, the minimum starting price of this model is 343,000 yuan. If you are interested in Audi A6L, please click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

台州奥迪A6L降价信息！最新报价34.3万，不容错过

The design of Audi A6L is full of modern technology and luxury. The front face adopts Audi family-style hexagonal air intake grille, with sharp LED headlights and daytime running lights, showing a strong visual impact. The overall style not only retains Audi’s classic business atmosphere, but also incorporates more youthful and sporty elements. The body lines are smooth and chiseled, which shows the elegance and dynamics of Audi A6L.

台州奥迪A6L降价信息！最新报价34.3万，不容错过

Audi A6L has a body size of 5050*1886*1475mm and a wheelbase of 3024mm, showing its spacious interior space. The side lines of the car body are smooth and full of strength, while tyre size is 255/40 R20 with 20-inch wheels, which shows the perfect combination of sports and luxury.

台州奥迪A6L降价信息！最新报价34.3万，不容错过

Audi A6L’s interior style is full of luxury and technology. The central control area is equipped with a 10.1-inch central control screen. The built-in multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning functions can be easily operated through the voice recognition control system. The steering wheel is made of leather, which supports manual up and down+front and rear adjustment or electric up and down+front and rear adjustment, providing a comfortable grip. The front row is equipped with a Type-C interface and two USB/Type-C interfaces, and it also supports the wireless charging function of mobile phones. In terms of seats, A6L is made of leather or imitation leather. The main and co-pilot seats have the functions of heating, ventilation and massage, and are also equipped with electric seat memory function. The second row of seats supports backrest and waist adjustment, which brings passengers a more comfortable riding experience.

台州奥迪A6L降价信息！最新报价34.3万，不容错过

Audi A6L is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine, with a maximum power of 180 kW and a maximum torque of 370 Nm. It is matched with a 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox, providing drivers with strong power output and a smooth shifting experience.

It is mentioned that the most cost-effective 56E is the 6-child, which has an atmospheric appearance, affordable price and its own business attributes, which is one of the reasons why this car has been selling well. After he brought the car back by himself, he installed air-conditioning ambient lights and through taillights, and put on his car clothes. After washing the car, it was bright enough to look in the mirror.

Sell 108,600 new Nissan Sylphy Classic on the market.

　　[car home new car listed] A few days ago, the new (|) classic was listed.A total of two models were launched.The price of the comfort version and the deluxe version is 108,600 yuan and 118,600 yuan respectively.Compared with the current configuration, the new car has not changed, but the kerb quality has been reduced, and the maximum speed has been reduced by 2 km/h. Compared with the comfort version, the deluxe version has more configurations such as reversing images, skylights, leather seats, and 8-inch central control screens. The power part is equipped with a 1.6-liter naturally aspirated engine and a CVT continuously variable gearbox.

New Dongfeng Nissan Sylphy Classic Guide Price car make and model Price (ten thousand yuan) 2024 Classic 1.6XE CVT Comfort Edition 10.86 2024 Classic 1.6XL CVT Deluxe Edition 11.86

　　Dongfeng Nissan also launched an ultra-low down payment financial policy, and the new Sylphy Classic can pick up the car with a down payment of 19,800 yuan. The brand-new Teana, Qijun Classic and Hacker Classic can pick up the car with a down payment of 29,800 yuan. In addition, there are preferential policies for car purchase such as replacement subsidy of up to 13,000 yuan and maintenance spare parts as low as 7.5 fold.

Dongfeng Nissan Sylphy 2022 Classic 1.6XL CVT Deluxe Edition

"The picture shows the 2022 Sylphy Classic 1.6XL CVT Deluxe Edition"

　　Sylphy Classic is developed based on the 13th generation Nissan Sylphy. As a low-profile model, it is sold on the same stage as the 14th generation Nissan Sylphy. The 13th generation Sylphy has been listed for 11 years. In terms of appearance, Sylphy Classic will continue the current model design, and the iconic V-motion front face is impressive. As an entry-level model, the new car is equipped with halogen headlights, which is simple and practical.

Dongfeng Nissan Sylphy 2022 Classic 1.6XL CVT Deluxe Edition

　　The side of the car body is still a classic shape, and the curve of the car body is smooth and round. The rear of the car adopts hidden exhaust pipe, and the addition of chrome trim enhances the layering of the rear of the car. Both models come standard with four-wheel brakes and aluminum alloy wheels. The length, width and height of the car are 4631/1760/1503mm and the wheelbase is 2700mm respectively.

Dongfeng Nissan Sylphy 2022 Classic 1.6XL CVT Deluxe Edition

　　In terms of interior, the car adopts the traditional design of double-disc mechanical instrument+monochrome multi-function display, which is simple and practical. However, the deluxe edition is equipped with an 8-inch screen in the center console and has the function of reversing images. The overall design of the three-spoke steering wheel and center console reflects some sense of the times, but it is not worse than the popular big screen in terms of operation convenience.

Dongfeng Nissan Sylphy 2022 Classic 1.6XL CVT Deluxe Edition

　　In terms of power, the new car is equipped with a 1.6-liter naturally aspirated engine with a maximum power of 122 HP and a maximum torque of 155 Nm. The transmission system is matched with CVT continuously variable gearbox, and the comprehensive fuel consumption of WLTC is 5.94L/100km. (Text/car home Yan Huan)

President Putin of the Russian Federation

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 7th Title: President Putin of the Russian Federation

At the invitation of the Supreme Leader of president, President Vladimir vladimirovich Putin of the Russian Federation will pay a state visit to China from June 8 to 10 and attend the 18th meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.

Putin was born in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) on October 7, 1952. He graduated from the Law Department of Leningrad University in 1975 with an associate doctorate in economics. He worked in the national security agencies of the Soviet Union, including in the GDR from 1985 to 1990.

After returning to China in 1990, Putin successively served as foreign affairs assistant to the president of Leningrad University, adviser to the mayor of St. Petersburg and first deputy mayor. In August 1996, he served as deputy director of the Russian Presidential Affairs Administration, in March 1997, he served as deputy director of the Russian President’s Office and director of the General Inspectorate, in May 1998, he served as the first deputy director of the President’s Office, and in July of the same year, he served as director of the Russian Federal Security Service. In March 1999, he served as the secretary of the Russian Federal Security Council. In August of the same year, he served as the first deputy prime minister, acting prime minister and prime minister of the government, and served as acting president on December 31. He was elected president of Russia in March 2000 and re-elected in March 2004. In May 2008, he became Prime Minister. He was re-elected as president in March 2012, re-elected in March 2018 and sworn in on May 7.

Putin has visited China 18 times or attended international activities in China, including 15 times as president and 3 times as prime minister.

For the first time in the country! The Green Paper on the Protection of Yunnan Golden Monkey was officially released.

April 28th

Green Paper on the Protection of Yunnan Golden Monkey

Officially released in Kunming

This is the first time since the discovery of Yunnan golden monkey in China

Population number of Yunnan golden monkey for the first time

Results of synchronous dynamic monitoring throughout the country

It fills the dynamic monitoring of Yunnan golden monkey throughout the territory

Blank of scientific basic materials

Recorded the overall population of Yunnan golden monkey

And the whole process of system monitoring and evaluation.

Yunnan snub-nosed monkey is a rare and endangered wild animal endemic to China, and it is the flagship species and umbrella species living in the world natural heritage site with three parallel rivers. Since the establishment of the first Yunnan Golden Monkey Nature Reserve in 1983, government departments at all levels have continuously increased investment, formulated policies and promoted the protection of Yunnan Golden Monkey.

In order to do a good job in the background investigation of Yunnan golden monkey protection, in 2017, the "Yunnan golden monkey dynamic monitoring project" was officially launched. The project is led by government departments, inviting non-governmental environmental protection institutions and scientific research institutions to participate, and organizing the implementation of various protected areas with the distribution of Yunnan golden monkeys. Through the implementation of this project, the population number, population size, population number, habitat status and community protection of Yunnan golden monkey were found out. According to the monitoring results, the population of Yunnan golden monkey has increased from about 1000-1500 in 13 groups in 1996 and 3000 in 18 groups in 2016 to more than 3300 in 23 groups now.

Peng Jiansheng

The Green Paper on the Protection of Yunnan Golden Monkey released this time, as a concentrated display of the achievements of the "Dynamic Monitoring Project of Yunnan Golden Monkey", takes Yunnan’s flagship species Yunnan Golden Monkey as an example, systematically reviews and shows the hardships and achievements of biodiversity protection in Yunnan in the past 40 years, and shows the unique advantages and values of Yunnan’s biodiversity to the world. Under the severe situation of global climate change and sharp decline of species, the exploration and experience of Yunnan golden monkey protection have made an outstanding demonstration for global biodiversity protection.

Yunnan golden monkey

Is an endemic species in China.

Distributed between Lancang River and Jinsha River.

The high mountains and deep valleys on both sides of the main peak of Yunling Mountain Range.

Is as famous as the giant panda.

National first-class protected animals

About Yunnan golden monkey

How much do you know?

Yunnan golden monkey

Rhinopithecus bieti, also known as Black and White Snub-nosed Monkey, is one of the next five species of snub-nosed monkey, which is a rare and endangered species endemic to China. Like giant panda, Rhinopithecus bieti is regarded as a "national treasure", and is listed as a national first-class protected animal in China, an endangered level in the Red List of Endangered Species of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and an international wild animal.

in recent years

Government departments and scientific research institutions at all levels

Constantly make concerted efforts to explore the protection of Yunnan golden monkey

Lijiang Laojunshan National Park

The Protection Course of Yunnan Golden Monkey

Is one of the typical examples.

Yunnan golden monkey in Laojun Mountain

Let’s take a look with Xiao Bu.

How do "they" carefully protect "them"

Yunnan golden monkey is an important environmental indicator species, and its survival depends on a healthy alpine primeval forest ecosystem. Its home area and living altitude are second to none among all primates in the world, so Yunnan golden monkey group can be regarded as a symbol of ecological health and ecological security in the three parallel rivers. Therefore, the essence of protecting Yunnan golden monkey is actually to protect the original forest ecosystem with three parallel rivers, benefiting many rare and endangered animals and plants that live together in the original forest.

Field population distribution of Yunnan golden monkey

How is the life of Yunnan golden monkey in Laojun Mountain?

Habitat of Yunnan Golden Monkey in Laojun Mountain-Alpine Primitive Forest

Laojun Mountain is an important part of Hengduan Mountain and Yunling Mountain System, and it is also a hot spot of mountain biodiversity in southwest China and an important part of the world natural heritage with three parallel rivers. It is also the largest distribution area of virgin forests in Lijiang City, thus creating an unusually rich biodiversity. As one of the important distribution areas of Yunnan golden monkey, there are two Yunnan golden monkey populations in the core area of Laojun Mountain-Jinsichang and Dapingzi, about 300 square kilometers, with a total number of more than 300 individuals, accounting for one tenth of the total population of Yunnan golden monkey. It is considered by scientists to be the most endangered gene pool among the three gene pools of Yunnan golden monkey, so the protection value and urgency are particularly prominent. However, this area has not been included in the nature reserve system for a long time and belongs to important protection.

Utilization of natural resources in communities: grazing and firewood.

20-year protection course

The protection of Yunnan golden monkey in Laojun Mountain started in 2001. With the joint efforts of Lijiang government departments, TNC Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology and other social institutions and scientific research institutions, a scientific investigation of Yunnan golden monkey and its habitat in Laojun Mountain was launched. The global positioning and tracking (GPS) collar technology was applied to Yunnan golden monkey for the first time in Laojun Mountain, and it was first discovered in 2004.

In order to protect the Yunnan golden monkey and its habitat in Laojun Mountain, in the following 16 years, all parties worked together to promote the Laojun Mountain community to participate in the protection work. Residents of communities such as Liju Village, Taohua Village and Liguang Village in Liming Township, which are closely connected with the Yunnan golden monkey’s habitat, have participated in a lot of protection work successively, especially in Liju Village, which has 350 households and a population of about 1,500, with the longest duration and the largest number of participants. At the same time, the government and social welfare forces have also vigorously promoted the establishment of nature reserves and national parks in Laojunshan; In 2008, the Laojunshan National Park in Lijiang was formally established, and one of the key tasks was to carry out scientific protection of Yunnan golden monkey and its habitat, which marked an important step in the protection of Yunnan golden monkey in Laojunshan.

A corner of Liju village

After the establishment of Lijiang Laojunshan National Park, social welfare forces and communities were further promoted to participate in the protection of Yunnan golden monkey. Lijiang Laojunshan Administration signed cooperation agreements with Nature Conservation Association (TNC) and Yunnan Green Environment Development Foundation (YGF) to carry out the protection and sustainable development of Yunnan golden monkey’s core habitat and surrounding areas, and achieved good protection results and social influence.

Photo by Long Yongcheng

In 2018, with the support of Lijiang Laojunshan National Park Administration, Nature Conservancy (TNC) and Yunnan Green Environment Development Foundation, Lijiang Laojunshan Biodiversity Conservation Center was formally established and authorized to participate in the protection of Laojunshan Yunnan Golden Monkey Public Welfare Reserve. As a local community protection organization, the key work areas of the center include: scientific monitoring of Yunnan golden monkey and its habitat in Laojun Mountain, promoting community participation in patrol, developing eco-friendly products, carrying out publicity on Yunnan golden monkey protection, developing Lijiang Laojun Mountain Yunnan golden monkey nature center, and carrying out nature education activities for the community and the public.

Lijiang Laojunshan Yunnan Golden Monkey Public Welfare Reserve

Protection strategy

In order to realize the goal of authorizing by concession management in Laojunshan National Park and World Natural Heritage Site, deepening the community-based natural resource management, effectively protecting the population and habitat of Yunnan golden monkey in Laojunshan, and building a social welfare protection site for endangered species and habitats, the "four-in-one" protection strategy of "a group of monkeys+a forest+one people+one team" was formulated:

1. A group of monkeys, a forest-scientific protection: Yunnan golden monkey is used as an umbrella to formulate comprehensive monitoring and protection actions in the core area of Laojun Mountain, protect virgin forests, animals and plants, implement long-term and continuous species and habitat monitoring, and thoroughly understand the current situation and dynamic changes of biodiversity in this area.

2. A Community-Community Participation and Community Development: Promote people’s real recognition, support and participation in Yunnan golden monkey and its habitat protection through various methods such as nature education, community culture construction and sustainable livelihood development.

3. Building a team-community-based protection capacity: Based on the 17-year-old community patrol team, it has been upgraded and developed into the Laojunshan Biodiversity Conservation Center in Lijiang City, and participated in the protection and management of natural resources in the Laojunshan Yunnan golden monkey habitat and surrounding communities. The center has the direct participation of community subjects, social welfare forces and the authorization and support of the local government.

Author: Hu Xiaorong

Part of the content is integrated from Yunnan Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Lijiang Bureau of Ecology and Environment and Lijiang Laojunshan Protection Center.

Editor: Xu Xuantong

Did you learn the history of the Party today?

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Original title: "The first time in the country! The Green Paper on the Protection of Yunnan Golden Monkey was officially released.

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23 new Mercedes-Benz G500 latest configuration latest price

　The 2023 model 0 headlights are still xenon headlights that integrate far and near light. The trunk of the Mercedes-Benz G500 is still a side door, and the spare tire is hung on the tailgate. The rear side windows and rear windows of the new car are equipped with dark thermal insulation privacy glass, which is more privacy. The Mercedes-Benz G500 headlights have LED running lights embedded in the object to a certain extent. The G-class hard shaft plan seems to put on solid armor for its front and rear half axles, and it is also like some biological "exoskeleton" structures.