月度归档： 2025 年 7 月

Hunan Provincial Bureau of Statistics March 17, 2008

　

　　In 2007, under the correct leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, all levels in the province thoroughly implemented Scientific Outlook on Development, conscientiously implemented the central macro-control policies, made great efforts to strengthen basic industries, infrastructure and basic work, vigorously promoted new industrialization, solidly promoted the construction of a new socialist countryside, and strived to build a harmonious Hunan. The province’s economic development accelerated, its quality and efficiency improved significantly, its development vitality was further enhanced, people’s livelihood continued to improve, and social undertakings made all-round progress, thus writing a new chapter of enriching the people and strengthening the province.

　　First, integration　

　　The economic aggregate has reached a new level. In 2007, the province’s GDP exceeded 900 billion yuan, reaching 914.5 billion yuan, an increase of 14.4% over the previous year, the highest increase since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 161.145 billion yuan, an increase of 4.6%; The added value of the secondary industry was 390.116 billion yuan, an increase of 18.6%; The added value of tertiary industry was 363.239 billion yuan, up by 14.4%. From 2003 to 2007, the province’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 12%. According to the resident population, the province’s per capita GDP is 14,405 yuan, which is 109% higher than that in 2000 and doubled. The total fiscal revenue has crossed the 100 billion yuan mark. According to the statistics of Express, the province’s total fiscal revenue was 111.931 billion yuan, an increase of 25.2% over the previous year. Among them, the local fiscal revenue was 60.318 billion yuan, an increase of 26.2%. The benefits of enterprises have been significantly improved. The profits of industrial enterprises above designated size in the province reached 45.956 billion yuan, an increase of 70.1% over the previous year and an acceleration of 26 percentage points.

　　Promoting new industrialization has achieved remarkable results. In the province’s GDP, the tertiary industrial structure was adjusted from 17.6∶41.6∶40.8 in the previous year to 17.6∶42.7∶39.7. Due to the vigorous promotion of new industrialization, the proportion of industrial added value to GDP increased by 1.1 percentage points over the previous year, and the proportion of secondary industry added value to GDP also increased by 1.1 percentage points over the previous year. The growth rate of added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in the province was 4.2 percentage points faster than that of the previous year. The proportion of the added value of advantageous industries in the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 0.2 percentage points over the previous year. The added value of industrial parks at the provincial level and above increased by 9.1 percentage points. The added value of high-tech industries accounted for 1.3 percentage points of GDP. Energy saving and consumption reduction achieved the annual target, which was significantly lower than that of the previous year. The supporting role of producer services increased, achieving an added value of 141.339 billion yuan, an increase of 15.1% over the previous year, accelerating by 1.2 percentage points, driving the province’s economic growth by 2.4 percentage points, with a contribution rate of 16.6%. The non-public sector of the economy developed rapidly, achieving an added value of 497.5 billion yuan, accounting for 54.4% of the GDP, an increase of 0.6 percentage points over the previous year; The investment in non-state-owned economy was 275.054 billion yuan, up 35% over the previous year, accounting for 64% of the total investment in fixed assets, up 1.2 percentage points.

　　Regional economy maintained coordinated development. The leading role of radiation in advantageous areas is enhanced. The GDP of the three cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan was 346.178 billion yuan, up 15.7% over the previous year and 1.3 percentage points faster than that of the whole province. The GDP of the "3+5" region was 692.358 billion yuan, up by 15.3%, 0.9 percentage points faster than that of the whole province. The development of western Hunan has achieved initial results, with a GDP of 99.886 billion yuan, an increase of 13.3% over the previous year and an acceleration of 1.7 percentage points. The new urbanization has been steadily promoted, and the urbanization rate of the whole province is 40.45%, an increase of 1.74 percentage points over the previous year.

　　The construction of harmonious Hunan has been intensified. The province’s 8 facts and 23 assessment indicators have fully completed the target tasks, of which 14 indicators have exceeded the task. In the whole year, 650,100 people were newly employed in cities and towns, an increase of 3.9% over the previous year. Each of the 30,900 urban zero-employment families has achieved at least one employment. The number of new enterprise basic old-age insurance participants was 459,200. In the whole year, 1.545 billion yuan was invested in urban subsistence allowances, covering 1.34 million people; 399 million yuan was invested in rural subsistence allowances (including assistance to poor rural households), and 1.1 million people were guaranteed. The rate of urban subsistence allowances and rural subsistence allowances paid in place according to the prescribed standards was 100%; 285 township nursing homes were built, expanded and rebuilt, and 13,800 elderly people with five guarantees were newly added. 421,400 square meters of low-rent housing was built (raised) throughout the year, which solved the housing difficulties of 10,045 urban lowest-income families; The new rural cooperative medical system has been successfully implemented in 99 counties and cities in the province, with an average participation rate of 82%. Tuition and miscellaneous fees for 6.25 million and 6.15 million rural primary and secondary school students within the scope of the policy were exempted in spring and autumn; Textbooks were provided free of charge to 1.75 million students from poor families. The lives of the victims have been properly arranged, and 398 million yuan of relief funds (including cash and in-kind discounts) have been distributed throughout the year. The province’s financial expenditure on urban and rural community affairs was 9.178 billion yuan, an increase of 43.9% over the previous year; Education expenditure was 22.293 billion yuan, an increase of 37.1%; Medical and health expenditure was 5.742 billion yuan,An increase of 58.2%. A group of people’s most concerned, most direct and most realistic interests have been solved; The comprehensive management of social security has achieved remarkable results, the people’s sense of security has improved, and the overall social situation in the province has been stable.

　　The main problems in economic and social development are: the mode of economic growth is still relatively extensive, and structural adjustment is difficult; The task of energy conservation and emission reduction is heavy; There are many weak links to solve people’s livelihood problems; The pressure of employment and rising prices is great.

　　Second, agriculture　

　　Agricultural production developed steadily. The total agricultural output value of the province was 260.387 billion yuan, an increase of 4.6% over the previous year. Among them, the output value of planting industry was 119.361 billion yuan, an increase of 4.1%; The output value of animal husbandry was 104.524 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; The fishery output value was 17.851 billion yuan, an increase of 8.0%; The output value of forestry was 14.410 billion yuan, up by 9.1%. The sown area of crops has increased steadily. The sown area of grain was 5,295.85 thousand hectares, basically the same as that of the previous year; The cotton planting area was 155.74 thousand hectares, an increase of 14.8%; The sugarcane planting area was 21.73 thousand hectares, an increase of 8.8%; The oil planting area was 926.55 thousand hectares, an increase of 0.9%; The vegetable planting area was 1085.42 thousand hectares, an increase of 3.8%. The output of major agricultural products has increased and decreased. The total grain output was 29.101 million tons, an increase of 0.3% over the previous year; 195,800 tons of tobacco leaves, a decrease of 9.0%; 79,556,000 pigs were slaughtered, an increase of 3.3%; 2,273,500 cattle were slaughtered, an increase of 3.2%; 8,735,200 slaughtered sheep, an increase of 1.2%; 641 million birds were released, an increase of 6.1%; The output of aquatic products was 1,996,500 tons, an increase of 5.5%.

　　　

　　The pace of agricultural industrialization has accelerated. There are 42,000 agricultural products processing enterprises in the province, an increase of 10.2% over the previous year, and the sales income has reached more than 160 billion yuan. The sales revenue of 220 national and provincial leading enterprises was 68 billion yuan, an increase of 21.8% over the previous year; The profit was 3.05 billion yuan, an increase of 20.6%. There were 8022 farmers’ professional cooperative organizations, an increase of 9.3% over the previous year; There were 2,344,700 members of the cooperative organization, an increase of 18.7%.

　　Agricultural production capacity continued to increase. The province’s rural fixed assets investment was 54.538 billion yuan, an increase of 19.3% over the previous year. The fiscal expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water affairs was 11.701 billion yuan, an increase of 39.4%. Among them, the investment in comprehensive agricultural development was 727 million yuan, an increase of 13.6%. The area of soil erosion control in the whole year was 27,500 square kilometers. The effective irrigation area of new farmland is 10.89 thousand hectares, and the water-saving irrigation area is 11.56 thousand hectares. The annual rural electricity consumption was 7.959 billion kWh, up 4.7% over the previous year. At the end of the year, the total power of agricultural machinery was 36.8443 million kilowatts, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year.

　　The construction of new countryside has been steadily advanced. There are 1211 new rural construction demonstration villages in the province. 2,348 kilometers of roads from counties to townships were built, and 127 townships were newly connected with cement (asphalt) roads, with an unobstructed rate of 89.5%; 28,727 kilometers of cement (asphalt) roads have been built from villages to towns, and 8,015 administrative villages have been added with cement (asphalt) roads, with an unobstructed rate of 53.1%. 1139 natural villages have been added with telephones, enabling villages and towns to access the Internet. 1,156,400 people have solved the problems of listening to radio and watching TV. 156,600 new rural biogas digesters have been built, which has promoted the development of ecological agriculture. 7933 rural water supply projects were built, which solved the drinking water difficulties and unsafe drinking water problems of 1,621,500 people. There are 14,808,900 migrant workers in rural areas (including towns and villages) in the province, an increase of 2.5% over the previous year; The total income from labor services was 89.878 billion yuan, an increase of 18.1%.

　　III. Industry and Construction Industry　

　　The industrial economy is growing strongly. The total industrial added value of the province was 336.059 billion yuan, an increase of 20.2% over the previous year. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size was 265.597 billion yuan, an increase of 24.3%. Among them, the added value of light industry was 86.288 billion yuan, an increase of 20.5%; The added value of heavy industry was 179.309 billion yuan, an increase of 26.4%, which continued to be higher than that of light industry. The growth of advantageous industries accelerated, achieving an added value of 200.46 billion yuan, an increase of 24.3% over the previous year, accelerating by 4.7 percentage points, driving the added value of industries above designated size in the province to increase by 18.2 percentage points, an increase of 3.3 percentage points over the previous year, and contributing 75.0% to the growth of industries above designated size. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in provincial parks and above was 83.718 billion yuan, an increase of 31.9% over the previous year. The output value of new industrial products above designated size was 85.374 billion yuan, an increase of 51.7% over the previous year and an acceleration of 32.3 percentage points. The added value of special equipment manufacturing increased by 44.2%, general equipment manufacturing increased by 36.7%, non-metallic mineral products industry increased by 35.6%, transportation equipment manufacturing increased by 28.5%, ferrous metal smelting and calendering processing industry increased by 23.6%, and chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry increased by 23.6%. The connection between production and marketing is good. The sales output value of industrial enterprises above designated size in the province reached 837.717 billion yuan, an increase of 36.9% over the previous year, and the product sales rate reached 99.29%.

　　　

　　The output of major products increased steadily. The total primary energy production of industrial enterprises above designated size in the province was 37,935,900 tons of standard coal, an increase of 20.5% over the previous year. The output of raw coal was 48.5235 million tons, an increase of 21.1%; The power generation was 81.412 billion kWh, an increase of 16.6%; 13.031 million tons of steel, an increase of 13.3%; Ten kinds of non-ferrous metals were 1,608,900 tons, an increase of 12.8%; 55.5672 million tons of cement, an increase of 28.3%; Machine-made paper and paperboard were 2,226,200 tons, an increase of 8.6%; 132,300 cars, an increase of 30.8%; 2,772,900 tons of processed rice, an increase of 30.9%; Mixed feed was 5,131,200 tons, an increase of 20.1%; 158.722 billion cigarettes, an increase of 5.0%.

　　　

　　The industrial economic benefits have been significantly improved. The main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size in the province was 816.96 billion yuan, an increase of 40.1% over the previous year and an acceleration of 9.9 percentage points; Profits and taxes reached 103.061 billion yuan, an increase of 46.8%; The loss was 7.7%, down 2.9 percentage points. The comprehensive index of economic benefits of industrial enterprises above designated size was 225.87%, an increase of 39.8 percentage points over the previous year. Advantageous industries have made outstanding contributions to industrial profits, achieving profits of 35.974 billion yuan, accounting for 78.3% of industrial profits above designated size. Among them, the special equipment manufacturing industry realized a profit of 6.838 billion yuan, an increase of 246.8%; The ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry realized a profit of 4.217 billion yuan, an increase of 75.7%; The tobacco products industry realized a profit of 7.149 billion yuan, an increase of 50.9%.

　　　

　　The construction industry has developed steadily. The added value of the construction industry in the whole province was 54.057 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the previous year. General contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification grade realized a profit of 4.777 billion yuan, an increase of 26.8%. The building construction area was 195,092,700 square meters, an increase of 22.8%; The completed building area was 85,509,900 square meters, an increase of 14.7%.

　　IV. Investment in fixed assets　

　　The scale of investment continues to expand. The investment in fixed assets of the whole society in the province exceeded 400 billion yuan, reaching 429.452 billion yuan, an increase of 32.4% over the previous year. Among them, the investment in fixed assets above cities and towns was 374.914 billion yuan, an increase of 34.6%. In urban investment, state-owned and state-controlled investment was 170.092 billion yuan, an increase of 23.3%. There were 15,585 construction projects and 8,139 completed and put into operation, with an increase of 10.8% and 5.3% respectively.

　　The growth of industrial investment accelerated. The province’s urban industrial investment was 143.769 billion yuan, an increase of 47.1% over the previous year and an acceleration of 21.3 percentage points. Among them, the investment in industrial technological transformation was 100.85 billion yuan, an increase of 78.1%; Industrial investment accounted for 33.5% of the total investment in fixed assets, an increase of 2.9 percentage points over the previous year. Investment in raw materials industry was 50.519 billion yuan, up by 40.1%; The investment in equipment manufacturing industry was 29.276 billion yuan, an increase of 65.2%; Investment in high-tech industries was 7.818 billion yuan, an increase of 34.6%.

　　Infrastructure construction has been strengthened. The investment in infrastructure and basic industries in the province was 192.38 billion yuan, an increase of 41.9% over the previous year. Among them, investment in transportation, environmental management and public facilities management increased by 39.4%, 54.8% and 52.4% respectively. At the end of the year, the expressway mileage reached 1765.5 kilometers, of which 362.5 kilometers were added during the year. During the year, the capacity of generator assembly machine was 3.65 million kilowatts, and 7.62 million kva of substation equipment with 110,000 volts and above was added.

　　Key projects are progressing smoothly. The investment of 185 provincial key construction projects under construction in the whole province was 75.44 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6% over the previous year, accounting for 108% of the annual planned investment. Among them, 35 put-into-production projects have completed investment of 26.04 billion yuan, 110 continued projects have completed investment of 44.64 billion yuan, and 40 newly started projects have completed investment of 4.77 billion yuan. The expansion of China Resources Liyujiang Power Plant B, the second phase of Yiyang Power Plant and other units were put into operation, the Yiyang Power Plant-Fuxing double-circuit 500KV line, Xiangtan-Xiangshuiba double-circuit line, Henggang oil pipe processing production line, Zhuzhou cemented carbide profile production line and other projects were completed and put into operation, and Changtan West, Taotan, Shaohuai and Huaixin expressways were successively completed and opened to traffic; The Hunan section of Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway passenger transport, Changji Expressway, Zaoshi Water Control Project, Heimifeng Pumped Storage Power Station, technical transformation of Xianggang and integration of forestry, pulp and paper of Taigelin Paper Group were smoothly promoted.

　　The growth of real estate development has accelerated. The investment in real estate development was 76.123 billion yuan, an increase of 36.9% over the previous year and an acceleration of 15.2 percentage points. The completed area of commercial housing was 20,647,500 square meters, an increase of 21.0% over the previous year and an acceleration of 23 percentage points. The sales area of commercial housing was 27,451,700 square meters, an increase of 35.8% over the previous year and an acceleration of 26.1 percentage points. Among them, the sales area of commercial housing auction was 18,252,600 square meters, an increase of 47.9%. The vacant area of commercial housing was 1.842 million square meters, down by 15.8%.

　　V. Domestic trade and prices　

　　The retail market of consumer goods is active. The total retail sales of social consumer goods in the province was 335.649 billion yuan, an increase of 18.4% over the previous year, with a real increase of 13.5% after deducting the price factor. Geographically, the retail sales of urban consumer goods was 194.253 billion yuan, and the retail sales at and below the county level were 141.395 billion yuan, up by 19.0% and 17.7% respectively. In terms of industries, the retail sales of the wholesale and retail trade industry was 283.162 billion yuan, an increase of 18.1%; Accommodation and catering industry was 47.976 billion yuan, an increase of 21.0%; Other industries reached 4.51 billion yuan, an increase of 11.4%.

　　The upgrading of consumption structure has accelerated. The retail sales of communication equipment, sports and entertainment products, gold and silver jewelry and children’s toys in the province increased by 44.9%, 40.9%, 72.3% and 36.9% respectively. The retail sales of automobiles reached 104,933 vehicles, an increase of 35.5%; Retail sales reached 11.857 billion yuan, up 36.8%. Among them, the retail volume of cars was 78,770, an increase of 45.2%; Retail sales reached 10.001 billion yuan, up 41.1%. The retail sales of LCD TV sets reached 60,254 sets, up by 104.3%, and the retail sales reached 399 million yuan, up by 82.8%.

　　The scale of commodity sales in the trading industry has expanded. The commodity sales of wholesale and retail trade enterprises in the province reached 638.511 billion yuan, an increase of 20.4% over the previous year. Among them, the commodity sales of wholesale enterprises was 332.298 billion yuan, an increase of 17.2%; The merchandise sales of retail enterprises reached 306.213 billion yuan, up by 24.2%. The commodity sales of wholesale and retail enterprises above designated size in the province reached 172.251 billion yuan, an increase of 15.7%. Among them, the retail sales of trading enterprises above designated size was 70.524 billion yuan, up by 25.6%, accounting for 24.9% of the trading industry, up by 1.5 percentage points over the previous year.

　　　

　　Market prices have risen rapidly. The overall consumer price level rose by 5.6% over the previous year, the retail price of commodities rose by 4.3%, the agricultural production price rose by 13.0%, the ex-factory price of industrial products rose by 6.1%, the purchase price of raw materials, fuel and power rose by 6.1%, the investment price of fixed assets rose by 5.8%, and the production price of agricultural products rose by 30.6%.

　　　

　　VI. Foreign Economic Relations, Trade and Tourism　

　　The total import and export volume continued to grow. The total import and export volume of the province was 9.69 billion US dollars, an increase of 31.8% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 6.523 billion US dollars, an increase of 28.1%; Imports reached US$ 3.167 billion, up by 40.2%. The import and export of general trade was 8.755 billion US dollars, an increase of 30.4%; The import and export of processing trade was US$ 814 million, up by 46.0%. The import and export of private enterprises reached US$ 3.59 billion, an increase of 81.1% over the previous year and an acceleration of 28.3 percentage points. The export of mechanical and electrical products was US$ 1.694 billion, up by 73.7% over the previous year, accelerating by 43.3 percentage points; The export of high-tech products was US$ 213 million, an increase of 52.7%. The export of agricultural products was US$ 350 million, up by 12.4%. Among them, the export of live pigs was 53 million US dollars, an increase of 14.7%; Tea exports reached US$ 40 million, up by 19.2%.

　　　

　　　

　　Investment promotion has been steadily advanced. The actual utilization of foreign direct investment in the province was 3.271 billion US dollars, an increase of 26.1% over the previous year. Among them, the actual utilization of foreign direct investment in manufacturing industry was 1.566 billion US dollars, an increase of 31.3%. 132 foreign direct investment projects with more than 10 million US dollars were newly approved, with an increase of 11.9%. Forty-two of the world’s top 500 enterprises have settled in Hunan. The province actually introduced 105.28 billion yuan of domestic capital, an increase of 19.0%. Among them, the actual utilization of domestic capital in manufacturing industry was 43.923 billion yuan, an increase of 33.9%. The province actually introduced 403 projects with domestic capital of more than 50 million yuan, and 187 projects with capital exceeding 100 million yuan.

　　Foreign economic cooperation has achieved results. In 2001, the newly signed contracts for foreign contracted projects, labor service cooperation and design consultation amounted to 1.741 billion US dollars, up by 35% over the previous year, with a turnover of 939 million US dollars, up by 20%, and 18,500 overseas laborers, up by 43%.

　　The scale of tourism continues to expand. The province’s total tourism revenue was 73.271 billion yuan, an increase of 24.5% over the previous year. Received 1,205,700 inbound tourists, an increase of 24.2%; Tourism foreign exchange income was 642 million US dollars, up by 27.5%. Received 107.669 million domestic tourists, an increase of 18.3%; Domestic tourism revenue was 68.154 billion yuan, an increase of 24.7%. Red tourism focusing on Shaoshan is very popular.

　　VII. Transportation, Posts and Telecommunications　

　　The transportation industry has developed steadily. The turnover of goods in the whole province was 198.459 billion tons kilometers, an increase of 9.7% over the previous year; Passenger turnover was 122.659 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 8.6%. The airport passenger throughput was 9,797,200, an increase of 18.4%. Among them, the passenger throughput of Huanghua Airport was 8.07 million, an increase of 22.4%.

　　　

　　The post and telecommunications industry grew rapidly. The total post and telecommunications business in the province was 61.976 billion yuan, an increase of 28.6% over the previous year. Among them, the total postal business was 3.107 billion yuan, an increase of 17.5%; The total telecommunications business was 58.869 billion yuan, an increase of 29.3%. At the end of the year, the total capacity of local exchanges was 37.1395 million. At the end of the year, there were 13,212,200 fixed-line users, a decrease of 200,500; There were 18,910,700 mobile phone users, with a net increase of 3,493,900. The fixed telephone penetration rate was 19.4 households per 100 people, and the mobile telephone penetration rate was 27.8 households per 100 people, respectively, down by 0.4 households per 100 people and up by 5.7 households per 100 people. By the end of the year, there were 2,132,000 Internet broadband users, an increase of 10.5%.

　　VIII. Finance, Securities and Insurance　

　　Financial services were accelerated. At the end of the year, the balance of various deposits of financial institutions in the province was 915.527 billion yuan, an increase of 17.4% over the previous year. Among them, corporate deposits increased by 25.8%, and savings deposits of urban and rural residents increased by 11.3%; In the whole year, various new deposits reached 134.512 billion yuan, an increase of 13.532 billion yuan over the previous year. The profit of financial institutions in the province was 10.759 billion yuan, an increase of 2.939 billion yuan over the previous year.

　　The intensity of indirect financing has increased. The balance of various loans of financial institutions was 615.751 billion yuan, up by 17.7% over the previous year and 3.5 percentage points faster, with an increase of 89.409 billion yuan or 24.251 billion yuan. Among them, short-term loans increased by 22.503 billion yuan, an increase of 2.583 billion yuan; Medium and long-term loans increased by 66.825 billion yuan, an increase of 22.657 billion yuan.

　　New progress was made in direct financing. At the end of the year, there were 48 domestic listed companies, an increase of 3 over the previous year; There are 5 overseas listed companies, an increase of 1. In the whole year, direct financing from the capital market was 18.258 billion yuan, an increase of 96.3% over the previous year; 2.109 billion yuan was raised from overseas securities markets. At the end of the year, there were 120 business outlets of securities companies in the province, with a securities transaction volume of 2,275.122 billion yuan, an increase of 1,862.433 billion yuan; There are 4 futures companies with a turnover of 525.793 billion yuan, an increase of 253.867 billion yuan.

　　The development of insurance industry has accelerated. The province’s insurance premium income exceeded 20 billion yuan for the first time, reaching 20.131 billion yuan, an increase of 36.2% over the previous year, accelerating by 20 percentage points, the highest increase in the past five years. Among them, property insurance premium income was 4.782 billion yuan, an increase of 42.8%; Life insurance premium income was 13.573 billion yuan, an increase of 37.8%; Health insurance premium income was 1.061 billion yuan, an increase of 10.4%; Accident insurance premium income was 714 million yuan, an increase of 14.9%. In 2001, all kinds of compensation and payment expenses were 6.968 billion yuan, an increase of 81.5% over the previous year and an acceleration of 51.3 percentage points.

　　IX. Education, Science and Technology　

　　Education is developing vigorously. There are 99 colleges and universities in the province, an increase of 3 over the previous year. Graduate education enrolled 14,100 students, an increase of 6.2%; There are 43,300 graduate students and 9,500 graduates. General higher education enrolled 291,200 students, an increase of 9.5%; There are 898,600 students and 209,800 graduates. All kinds of secondary vocational education enrolled 336,800 students, an increase of 7.1%; There are 830,600 students and 256,400 graduates. Ordinary high schools enrolled 438,100 students, down 10.5%; There are 1,307,300 students and 408,700 graduates. Junior high school enrolled 733,600 students, an increase of 0.9%; There are 2,235,800 students and 948,800 graduates. Ordinary primary schools enrolled 862,800 students, an increase of 9.8%; There are 4,448,400 students and 712,900 graduates. The number of students enrolled in special education was 2300, an increase of 72.0%; There are 13,200 students in school. The enrollment rate of primary school-age children in the province was 99.83%, an increase of 0.3 percentage points over the previous year. The enrollment rate of junior high school-age population was 99.41%, an increase of 0.29 percentage points. 4,776 private schools with 1,335,700 students; There are 13 private colleges and universities with 76,700 students; There are 15 private independent colleges with 76,700 students.

　　The cause of science and technology has been accelerated. The state has arranged 81 "863" plan projects and 21 high-tech industrialization demonstration projects, including 4 industrial key technology development projects. There are 3 national engineering research centers. There are 16 enterprise technology centers recognized by the state, with 4 new ones. The province has achieved 970 scientific and technological achievements, and 12 of them have won the national scientific and technological progress award. Strive for national science and technology funding of 600 million yuan, an increase of 20% over the previous year. The theory and technology project of efficient utilization of aluminum resources and preparation of high-performance aluminum materials led by Academician Zhong Jue of Central South University won the first prize of national scientific and technological progress in 2007. Fifteen scientific and technological achievements, such as four-axle wide-gauge K24A high-speed AC drive electric locomotive, won the first prize of scientific and technological progress in Hunan Province. 5,988 technical contracts were signed, with a turnover of 4.609 billion yuan, an increase of 1.2% over the previous year. The added value of high-tech industries in the province was 84.077 billion yuan, an increase of 40.7%.

　　Intellectual property rights have developed rapidly. The number of patent applications in the province was 11,233, an increase of 9.6% over the previous year. Among them, there were 3,670 invention patents, accounting for 32.7% of the total number of applications; There were 4,067 job applications, accounting for 36.2% of the total number of applications. The patent applications of universities, research institutes and enterprises increased by 48.2%, 112.7% and 31.2% respectively. The number of patents granted in the province was 5,687, an increase of 1.4%. Zhuzhou City was approved as a national intellectual property demonstration city, Zhuzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone and Changsha Economic and Technological Development Zone were successfully approved as national intellectual property pilot parks, and Sany Heavy Industry was listed as a national intellectual property demonstration and creation unit.

　　Comprehensive technical services have been continuously enhanced. At the end of the year, there were 139 product testing laboratories in the province, with 29 new ones. Among them, there are 5 national testing centers and 1 new one. There are 229 legal metrological verification institutions and 136 special equipment inspection institutions. 115,000 batches of regular product quality supervision and spot checks were completed, an increase of 42.9% over the previous year. 480 industrial product production licenses and 2,271 food production licenses were issued. There are 7 weather radar observation points. Surveying and mapping departments have published 132 kinds of maps and 32 kinds of surveying and mapping books. It has provided 11,734 topographic maps of various basic scales, 4,204 geodetic achievements and 387 aerial photographs for economic and social development. Technical services such as earthquake and hydrology have been further developed.

　　X. Culture, Health and Sports　

　　Cultural undertakings have flourished. By the end of the year, there were 93 performing arts groups, 140 cultural centers, 120 public libraries and 69 museums and memorial halls in the province. Huagu Opera "Into the Sunshine" won the Wenhua Drama Award of the 12th National Wenhua Award; Huagu Opera "Anecdotes of Old Table" and "Heroes of Ancient Paintings" won the Excellent Drama Award and Selected Works Award in the 10th National Spiritual Civilization Construction Project respectively. There are 11 radio stations and 15 TV stations. There are 5,101,200 cable TV users in the province, an increase of 399,900. At the end of the year, the comprehensive population coverage rate of broadcasting was 89.03%, an increase of 0.65 percentage points over the previous year. The comprehensive coverage rate of TV population was 94.69%, an increase of 0.68 percentage points over the previous year.

　　The cultural industry has developed well. The added value of the province’s cultural industry was 44.38 billion yuan, up by 21.5% over the previous year, accounting for 4.9% of GDP, up by 0.4 percentage point. There are 4,762 books, 88 newspapers and 246 periodicals published in the province. Periodicals published 104.57 million copies and books published 303.5 million copies. The annual sales revenue of the news publishing industry was 14.28 billion yuan, and the total profit was 1.183 billion yuan. The annual output of original animation is 28,000 minutes, ranking first in the country.

　　Health undertakings have developed steadily. At the end of the year, there were 4,150 medical and health institutions in the province. Among them, there are 3,229 hospitals and health centers, 137 maternal and child health centers (institutes and stations), 91 specialized disease prevention hospitals (institutes and stations), 151 centers for disease prevention and control (epidemic prevention stations) and 117 health supervision and inspection institutions. Hospitals and health centers have a total of 151 thousand beds; There are 191,700 health technicians, including 81,200 practicing doctors and assistant doctors and 55,700 registered nurses.

　　New achievements have been made in sports. There are 21302 sports venues in the province. Among them, there are 142 gymnasiums, 656 sports grounds and 20,352 training rooms. Athletes in the province have won 13 world champions, 6 Asian champions and 31 national champions.

　　XI. Resources, Environment and Safety in Production　

　　Construction occupies cultivated land to realize the balance of occupation and compensation. The province’s construction occupies 5056 hectares of cultivated land, 510 hectares of ecological farmland, 247 hectares of cultivated land destroyed by disasters, 231 hectares of cultivated land reduced by agricultural restructuring, and 52.75 hectares of cultivated land reduced by other reasons; Land consolidation, reclamation and development have supplemented 7084 hectares of cultivated land. A total of five counties in the province have become national demonstration areas for basic farmland protection. Basic farmland is stable at 3.36 million hectares.

　　New progress has been made in mineral resources exploration and prevention and control of geological disasters. 141 kinds of minerals have been discovered and 101 kinds of minerals with proven reserves have been discovered. 69 mass geological disasters were successfully predicted.

　　The ecological environment has been continuously improved. The province shut down 554,000 kilowatts of small thermal power, eliminated 6 million tons of backward cement production capacity, shut down 90 small cement enterprises and shut down 146 paper enterprises around Dongting Lake. The centralized sewage treatment rate of the city was 46.3%, an increase of 3.6 percentage points over the previous year; The harmless treatment rate of municipal solid waste was 52.7%, an increase of 6.4 percentage points. The air quality of 14 cities and prefectures reached the second-class standard in 7; The cross-section ratio of surface water in the whole province meeting the Class III standard was 82.3%, an increase of 7.14 percentage points. The local water quality of Dongting Lake rose from Grade V to Grade III. The province has approved 25 national ecological demonstration zones. The annual afforestation area is 76,200 hectares. The forest coverage rate in the province was 56.1%, 0.57 percentage points higher than the previous year.

　　New achievements have been made in energy conservation and consumption reduction. According to the preliminary examination by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2007, the energy consumption per unit GDP in our province was 1.29 tons of standard coal/10,000 yuan, down 4.43% from the previous year; Energy consumption per unit scale industrial added value was 2.51 tons of standard coal/10,000 yuan, down by 7.99% over the previous year; The power consumption per unit GDP was 1052.11 kWh/10,000 yuan, an increase of 0.02% over the previous year. The comprehensive energy consumption of 28 enterprises listed in the national "thousand energy-saving enterprises" increased by 7.7% over the previous year, which was 6.7 percentage points lower than the growth rate of comprehensive energy consumption of large-scale industries; It accounted for 40.0% of the comprehensive energy consumption of large-scale industries, down 2.49 percentage points from the previous year. The comprehensive energy consumption of "100 energy-saving enterprises" in the province increased by 6.7% over the previous year, which was 7.7 percentage points lower than the growth rate of comprehensive energy consumption of large-scale industries. It accounted for 52.5% of the comprehensive energy consumption of large-scale industries, down by 3.85 percentage points.

　　The situation of safe production is good. There were 4,677 deaths in production safety in the whole year, down 15% from the previous year. The number of deaths from production safety accidents of 100 million yuan GDP was 0.51, down by 30.1%; The death toll of production safety accidents among 100,000 employees in industrial, mining and trading enterprises was 4.2, down by 5%; The death toll of million tons of coal in coal mines was 6.27, down by 23.1%; There were 9903 road traffic accidents in the whole year, and the number of road traffic deaths per 10,000 vehicles was 7.79, down by 25.2%.

　　XII. Population, People’s Life and Social Security　

　　New achievements have been made in population and family planning work. At the end of the year, the total population of the province was 68.057 million, an increase of 376,000 over the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 27,529,100 and the rural population is 40,527,900. There are 6,114,400 elderly people aged 65 and above, accounting for 8.98% of the total population of the province, up 0.09 percentage points over the previous year. The birth rate was 11.96‰, an increase of 0.04 thousandths over the previous year; The mortality rate was 6.71‰, a decrease of 0.02 thousandths; The natural growth rate was 5.25‰, an increase of 0.06 thousandths. The resident population of the province is 63.55 million. At the end of the year, there were 38,834,100 employees in the province, an increase of 412,400 over the previous year. The province distributed 56.36 million yuan of incentives and assistance to some rural family planning families, and 94,000 people were assisted by some rural family planning families. A total of 14.7 million yuan was granted to families with disabled and dead only children, and a total of 15,400 people were assisted by families with disabled and dead only children.

　　Residents’ income has increased substantially. The per capita disposable income of urban residents in the province was 12,293.54 yuan, an increase of 17.0% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 11.2%, 2.6 percentage points faster, the highest level since 1996. Among them, the per capita wage income was 7975.14 yuan, an increase of 16.7% and an acceleration of 8 percentage points; The net operating income was 1,192.42 yuan, up by 10.0% and accelerated by 3.4 percentage points; Transfer income was 2,955.07 yuan, up by 20.4% and accelerated by 7.3 percentage points; Property income was 170.91 yuan, an increase of 28.4%. The per capita disposable income of the lowest-income households was 4,455.18 yuan, an increase of 26.9%; The per capita income ratio of the highest-income households to the lowest-income households decreased from 8.02: 1 in the previous year to 7.31: 1. The per capita net income of rural residents was 3,904.26 yuan, an increase of 15.2%. After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 8.3%. Among them, wage income was 1,712.31 yuan, an increase of 18.1%; Family business income was 1,963.91 yuan, an increase of 12.6%; Transfer and property income was 228.04 yuan, an increase of 16.0%.

　　The living standards of residents have been continuously improved. The per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents in the province was 8990.72 yuan, an increase of 10.1% over the previous year. Expenditure on household equipment and services, clothing and food increased by 17.4%, 17.2% and 13.8% respectively. The per capita living expenditure of rural residents was 3,377.38 yuan, an increase of 364.33 yuan or 12.1% over the previous year. Among them, food, clothing and housing increased by 14.5%, 17.5% and 20.8% respectively. Affected by the rising prices of pork and other major foods, the Engel coefficient of urban and rural residents in the province has increased. The Engel coefficient of urban residents was 36.1%, and that of rural residents was 49.6%, which were 1.2 and 1.0 percentage points higher than the previous year.

　　The per capita living area of urban residents in the province is 28.4 square meters, an increase of 3.3% over the previous year. At the end of the year, rural residents had an average of 61.4 telephones and 75.6 mobile telephones per 100 households. The per capita housing area of rural residents was 40.18 square meters, an increase of 2.3%.

　　Social security has been strengthened. The number of employees participating in the basic old-age insurance in the province was 5,566,100, an increase of 2.7% over the previous year; 1,803,000 retirees from enterprises participated in the basic old-age insurance, an increase of 9.2%; The number of people participating in unemployment insurance was 3.88 million, an increase of 0.4%; The number of people participating in medical insurance was 6.205 million, an increase of 10.7%; The number of people receiving unemployment insurance benefits was 176,100, a decrease of 23.1%. The basic pension for enterprise retirees was 15.62 billion yuan, an increase of 18.9%.

　　

　　

　　Note:　　

　　1. The data in this bulletin are preliminary statistics.　　

　　2. The absolute figures of the GDP and the added value of various industries in Hunan Province are calculated at current prices, and the growth rate is calculated at comparable prices.　　

　　3. The permanent population refers to the population whose household registration is in the local area and has lived there for more than half a year, the population who lives in the local area and whose household registration is not in the local area but has left the household registration for more than half a year, and the population who lives in the local area and whose household registration is to be determined. The calculation formula is: resident population = registered population-population whose household registration is local but has left the household registration place for more than half a year+population who lives locally but has left the household registration place for more than half a year+population who lives locally and has an undetermined household registration place. The number of permanent residents in 2007 used in this bulletin is inferred from this year’s population sampling survey.　　

　　4. The data of per capita living area of urban residents comes from the Provincial Construction Department.

　　BEIJING, Oct. 11 (Xinhua) According to Singapore’s Lianhe Zaobao, he met with Singaporean florist Li Guoxiong for an interview at the Botanical Garden, and he led him to walk the rainforest trail in the garden, slowing down while talking and immersing himself in the embrace of nature. You can’t see gorgeous flowers in the tropical rain forest area, but there are some nameless trees and green leaves. Li Guoxiong explained the characteristics of various leaves with great interest, and then described the posture of these plants with rich imagination.

　　Born in Hong Kong, Li Guoxiong (53 years old) has been engaged in floral creativity for 18 years. He analyzed: "Florists are different from flower arrangers, who generally refer to people engaged in flower arranging industry. Florists specialize in building art with natural flowers and trees, examining the world from the high platform of art, and pursuing the unknown field from afar. Floriculture works are in the same position as visual arts such as sculpture, painting and photography. "

　　Take the place of Taitai in class and love floriculture.

　　A piece of rotten wood, several leaves and several budding buds, if we look closely at Li Guoxiong’s floral creation, we can really figure out the layers of meaning from it, just like a work of art waiting for you to appreciate it.

　　"I have a strong interest in art since I was a child, especially things related to Chinese culture. I like observing things. Although I like flowers and trees, I have never thought of engaging in floral creation. In 1990, our family immigrated from Hong Kong to Sydney, Australia. At that time, we planned to do business with our wife in the flower shop. My wife signed up for the Western Flower Arrangement Course at Sydney Institute of Technology, and just before the course started, I found that I was pregnant and felt unwell, so I crustily skin of head took the place of my wife.

　　"The first class was not very satisfactory, and I was in a hurry. Fortunately, after tempering, I made progress in my studies and built up my confidence. The love of flower arrangement was born under such accidental circumstances. "

　　The flower shop didn’t open in the end, but the flower arrangement course allowed Li Guoxiong to explore his potential talents.

　　Combine the essence of eastern and western floral art

　　Li Guoxiong’s teacher greatly appreciated his craft and invited him from many students to assist in the Christmas floral arrangement of Sydney Opera House, which greatly encouraged Li Guoxiong, who began to master floral skills. The teacher even encouraged him to take part in all kinds of floral creative competitions. Although he initially fell out of Sun Shan, after observing the winning works, he won the first and second prizes several times in the following competitions and became the Chang Shengjun of the Australian floral competition.

　　At the same time, Li Guoxiong’s interest and enthusiasm for flower arrangement extended to japanese ikebana, where he studied with Seiseki Umemura, a Japanese grass moon teacher, and also studied floral art and theory with Norman Sparnon, a famous Australian floral master, and obtained a license as a flower instructor.

　　"I combine the oriental flower pattern with the essence of western floral art, and my works are full of’ gentle wind’ and rhythm. This kind of creativity has won a good response in the floral industry in Australia and Britain. There are many kinds of flowers in Sydney, and there is no shortage of wonderful floral products, which has taught me a lot. " Li Guoxiong said it.

　　He once held a solo exhibition in the Japanese Association.

　　Li Guoxiong and his wife Yang Peiyi both graduated from the National Taiwan Province University. He majored in archaeology and anthropology, while his wife studied China literature. After graduation, the couple returned to Hong Kong to engage in education for several years. After immigrating to Australia, Li Guoxiong took a half-course in flower arrangement and completed a master’s degree in theology. In 2004, he came to Lion City with his family for missionary work, and his decision to settle in Singapore was closely related to his floral creation.

　　"In 2005, I held a personal floral photography exhibition at the Japanese Association through the recommendation of a Japanese lady, Kato Hui. I created these works in Sydney, and I felt that the life of floral products was short, so I preserved them with images. The response of the exhibition was very good. I am glad that the Japanese who came to watch it can accept the fresh combination of traditional flower patterns and western-style floral art. It is undoubtedly a great affirmation to know that both the East and the West agree with my creative style. "

　　The following year, Li Guoxiong published his own floral photography collection "Golden Wind". The wife beside shared: "Thanks to the efficiency of Singapore, we successfully published this floral album. From design to printing, the responsible company has demonstrated a superb level. We are very satisfied with the quality of the book and have a good impression on Singapore. In addition, Singapore’s multicultural and comfortable living environment are the reasons for choosing to stay. "

　　It is worth mentioning that "Golden Wind" won the gold medal in the authoritative international publication exhibition, which was highly appreciated and recommended by major international flower fairs.

　　Take local materials in the lion city

　　How has Li Guoxiong’s creation changed since he settled in the Lion City?

　　"Australia has four distinct seasons, and the vast natural environment has a great influence on my creation. Coming to tropical Singapore, it is not easy to choose flowers because of the small space, so it is a new test to create in a limited environment. I have a soft spot for Nanyang store house culture, and I created a floral product with the theme of Chan Museum in Nilu.

　　"This is a beautiful blue house, which creates the atmosphere of the old building through floral art.. Blue utensils symbolize the house, the gaps in palm leaves represent the shutters of the house, and orchids are unique to Singapore. "

　　Li Guoxiong is an artist who understands life because of his meticulous observation of things and delicate mind, and drawing materials from trivial matters or chores around him. He said that the first house he lived in the island was the Longmen Mansion on Wuyuan Road in Spottish, and there was a vast jungle opposite his home. He spent a long time there meditating and looking for new creative materials.

　　He gradually realized that the leaves in Singapore were actually full of beauty, just like palm trees that he had never seen in other cities. "Floriculture creation doesn’t have to be dominated by flowers. There are layers of leaves, not full of green leaves. I occasionally put a few dead leaves into my works to express the normality of life. This is the creative concept I call’ winning in defeat’. "

　　Give full play to Nanyang characteristic culture

　　Li Guoxiong’s family of four has the right of permanent resident in Singapore. His wife is a Chinese teacher in an international school. Their two children, aged 18 and 14, are studying in an international school where his wife teaches.

　　Having lived in Hong Kong, Taipei, Sydney and Lion City, Li Guoxiong believes that the greatest feature of Singapore stems from the diversity and integration atmosphere of the four major races. He believes that the island countries have made progress in promoting the development of culture and art in recent years; In addition, Singapore is located in an important hub and is adjacent to many Southeast Asian countries, so it should influence each other, absorb and integrate, and give play to the unique artistic culture of Southeast Asia. (Mai made a special trip)

Discover the secret of longevity! This paper deeply analyzes 12 kinds of magical foods, from pepper to pomegranate, from garlic to walnut, each of which contains magical power to improve blood circulation and enhance heart health, adding a guarantee for your healthy life.

The health of our blood circulation system is very important to the normal operation of the human body, and food plays a key role in it. Poor blood circulation may cause various problems, such as muscle pain, numbness, indigestion, and even cold feeling in limbs. Fortunately, some foods can significantly improve blood circulation and help heart health. Here are 12 foods that can optimize blood circulation in the legs and feet:

Pepper: This irritating food contains capsaicin, which is a chemical substance beneficial to health. Capsaicin can lower blood pressure and stimulate the release of nitric oxide and other vasodilators in the body. These substances contribute to the expansion and relaxation of blood vessels and make blood flow easier. Pepper is helpful to improve the whole circulatory system and may also improve cardiovascular health.

It should be noted that pepper is not suitable for excessive consumption, and it should be eaten in moderation at ordinary times, and pregnant women, children under the age of 12 and people with gastrointestinal dysfunction such as gastric ulcer, gastrorrhagia and chronic gastrointestinal diseases should try not to eat it; People suffering from febrile diseases, hemorrhoids, dermatitis, tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, hypertension and other diseases should also eat as little as possible.

Pomegranate: This juicy fruit is rich in polyphenol antioxidants and nitrate, both of which are effective vasodilators. They relax and dilate blood vessels and promote overall blood flow. These characteristics of pomegranate help muscle tissue get better oxygen and promote its function and health. Adding pomegranate to daily diet is a delicious and healthy choice, which is of great benefit to heart health.

Onion: This common vegetable contains a lot of flavonoid antioxidants, which is extremely beneficial to heart health. Flavonoids play a key role in protecting cardiovascular system, especially in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. They help dilate arteries and veins, especially when blood circulation increases. Onion helps to keep the heart healthy by improving blood flow and having anti-inflammatory effect, and may reduce the risk of heart disease.

Garlic: Similar to onion, garlic has important benefits for blood circulation. Its special fragrance helps to prevent the accumulation of arterial plaque and reduce the risk of arterial blockage. Garlic can lower blood pressure and make blood flow healthier. Allicin in garlic can promote the production of nitric oxide, relax and dilate blood vessels, improve blood circulation and reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems.

Walnut: This nut is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which is good for blood circulation and cardiovascular health. Omega-3 can reduce vascular inflammation and improve blood flow. It also helps to prevent thrombosis and reduce the risk of circulatory problems such as heart disease. In addition, walnuts can also lower cholesterol levels, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These characteristics of walnut make it an ideal choice to improve blood circulation and heart health.

Fatty fish: such as salmon, trout and mackerel are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which contribute to heart health. These fatty acids can prevent atherosclerosis and reduce arterial stenosis. Omega-3 plays a key role in reducing inflammation, maintaining healthy vascular function and preventing thrombosis. Including these fish in the diet can reduce the risk of complications such as heart disease and stroke.

Dark chocolate: Dark chocolate containing flavonoids has a positive effect on blood circulation. Flavonoids in dark chocolate relax blood vessels and promote blood flow. It can also stimulate the production of nitric oxide, enhance vasodilation and help regulate blood pressure. Eating dark chocolate in moderation is not only delicious, but also may reduce blood pressure and the risk of thrombosis.

However, for patients with hypertension, dark chocolate may bring some adverse effects, among which caffeine will accelerate the heart rate and cause blood pressure to rise; In addition, caffeine can make people excited and difficult to fall asleep. If you want to have a good sleep quality, it is recommended not to eat dark chocolate before going to bed.

Green tea: Green tea is rich in catechins, which can improve blood circulation by relaxing blood vessels and increasing nitric oxide levels. Green tea can lower cholesterol level, resist oxidative stress and contribute to heart health. Green tea can improve blood circulation and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by promoting vascular relaxation and enhancing nitric oxide production.

It should be noted that soaking green tea should not be too strong, otherwise it will hurt the stomach and cause unnecessary burden to the heart and kidneys.

Coconut oil: The medium-chain triglycerides in coconut oil may improve blood flow through different mechanisms. These fatty acids can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, enhance blood vessel health and promote blood flow. Coconut oil intake is related to lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which helps to prevent heart problems.

Turmeric: Turmeric containing curcumin has many benefits for blood circulation. Curcumin keeps blood vessels healthy and promotes blood flow by reducing inflammation. It can prevent platelet aggregation, reduce the risk of thrombosis and increase the production of nitric oxide. These effects make turmeric a powerful tool to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

The combination of turmeric and black pepper can enhance the absorption and utilization of curcumin. Studies have shown that adding a small amount of piperine can improve the absorption of curcumin by up to 2000%.

However, although turmeric has many benefits, some people are not suitable for eating, such as pregnant women, people with gallstones and abnormal biliary tract function, people with renal insufficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Before eating turmeric, it is recommended to consult a doctor to avoid adverse reactions.

Beet: Beet is rich in nitrate that can be converted into nitric oxide by human body. Nitric oxide relaxes and dilates blood vessels, improves blood flow and lowers blood pressure. It is especially beneficial to athletic performance and endurance, because more blood flowing to muscles can improve athletic ability and reduce fatigue. These characteristics of nitric oxide are beneficial to cardiovascular health and overall circulation.

Beet is not suitable for people with frequent diarrhea and diabetes, because beet is flat and cool, has a laxative effect, and has a high sugar content, which may aggravate the symptoms of diarrhea and blood sugar. Beets are also not suitable to be eaten with beer, because it will lead to diarrhea. In addition, the consumption of beet should not be too much, because beet is a high oxalic acid vegetable, which will hinder the absorption of calcium.

Cinnamon: This spice is famous for its ability to relax blood vessels and promote the production of nitric oxide. As a natural vasodilator, nitric oxide helps to dilate blood vessels and make blood flow smoother. Cinnamon is beneficial to the whole blood circulation, especially in the circulation of legs and feet. In addition, it also shows the potential to help lower blood sugar levels, which is especially important for people with diabetes or people who prevent diabetes. The anti-inflammatory property of Cinnamomum cassia helps to reduce inflammation, improve heart health, and may relieve symptoms caused by poor circulation.

Cinnamon is a warm medicine. If you have fever symptoms such as thirst, dry throat and dry tongue, sore throat and nose bleeding, or various acute inflammations, you should not take it. For diabetic patients, although cinnamon has the function of lowering blood sugar, you should eat it in moderation according to your physical condition and illness, because cinnamon powder is hot, and patients may feel dry mouth and hot after eating it, leading to aggravated symptoms. It is suggested that cinnamon can only be taken under the guidance of a doctor. If there are signs of hot air, such as prickly heat, acne, constipation or very hot body, it is necessary to stop eating.

When considering how to improve blood circulation in legs and feet, these foods mentioned above are undoubtedly options worth considering. They not only provide health benefits, but also diversified choices can meet different tastes and eating habits.

However, it is important to consult professional medical personnel before implementing any dietary changes to ensure that the food you choose is suitable for your personal health and needs.

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